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spe - 16 - 08 - 04 4 /a/wy page 1 of 19 specification p a t e n t p e n d i n g part no: gpdf.47.8.a.02 product name : embedded 47.5*47.5* 8mm gps l1/l2 low profile s tacked patch antenna features : highest accuracy, lowest profile low axial ratio wideband gnss antenna gps l1+l2 b and o peration dual feed p atch assembly - use with hybrid couplers l1:1575m hz ; a xial ratio 1.9 @1575.42 mhz l2:1227mhz axial ratio 2.19@1227.6mhz 47. 7 *47. 7 *8mm tuned for centre positioning on a 70mm x 70mm ground - plane through C h ole mounting pin t ype rohs compliant
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 2 of 19 1. i ntroduction the gpdf.47 .8.a.02 is a 47.5 x47.5 mm ceramic gps l1/ l2 low profile, low axial ratio embedded stacked passive patch antenna with 8 mm thickness . it is designed for highest accuracy centimeter level tracking in telematics applications for positioning technologies. typical applicable industries are transportation, defense, marine, agriculture, and navigation. this antenna exhibits excellent gain and radiation pattern stability on both l1 and l2 bands , which leads to improved reliability of a gps fix in areas where signal strength is poor, along with higher accuracy positioning when used to support ionosphere error correction algorithms. the antenna has been tuned and test ed on a 70 * 70 mm groun d plane, working at gps 1575.42 mhz and l2 1227.6mhz , with 4.23 dbi gain and 0.04 dbi gain, respectively. i t can be easily thro ugh - hole mounted on pcb via pin . t he double - sided adhesive on the bottom of the patch helps to keep it in place while undergoing mounting. to implement the gpdf.47a dual band l1+l2 dual - feed patch antennas, the antenna ideally needs to be placed ce ntrally on a 70mm * 70mm ground - plane . e ach band pair should be fed with a hybrid coupler (reference anaren xc1400p - 03s , link as follow s ) : www.anaren.com/sites/default/files/xc1400p - 03%20data%20sheet%20rev%20c.pdf all feed lines need to be 50 ohm transmission lines. for m ore details, please refer pages 14 for pcb footprint and application recommendation. for further optimization to customer specific device environments, a custom tuned patch antenna and circuit integration service into your device can be supplied, subject to nre and moq. contact your regional taoglas office for this requirement, and for support to integrate and test this antenna s performance in your device.
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 3 of 19 2. s pecification electrica l gps l1 gps l2 center frequency 1575.42 mhz 1227.6 mhz return loss (db) through pin port 1 port 2 port 1 port2 - 17.77 - 16.11 - 25.06 - 28.53 return loss (db) through coupler - 15 - 22 efficiency (%) 67.98 33.92 peak gain (dbi) 4.23 0.04 axial ratio at zenith 1.90 2.19 impedance 50 ohm hybrid coupler xc1400p - 03s frequency isolation insertion loss vswr 1215 - 1240 23 0.23 1.17 1563 - 1588 23 0.32 1.20 polarization rhcp ( include coupler) mechanical ceramic dimension gps l1 gps l2 41.3*41.3*4 mm 47.7*47.7*4 mm pin diameter 0.85 mm pin length 1.55 mm pcb dimension 70*70 mm weight 45 g environmental operation temperature - 40c to 85c humidity non - condensing 65c 95% rh test ed on square 70*70 mm ground - plane.
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 4 of 19 3 . antenna characteristics 3 .1 return loss without hybrid coupler 3 . 2 efficiency
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 5 of 19 3 . 3 peak gain
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 6 of 19 4 . axial ratio
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 7 of 19
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 8 of 19 5. antenna radiati o n pattern 5 .1 measurement s etup the gpdf.47.8.a.02 antenna is tested in free - space on a 70 * 70 mm ground plane in a a nechoic chamber. the test setup is shown below. y x z
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 9 of 19 5 . 2 2d radiation pattern xy plane xz plane
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 10 of 19 yz plane
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 11 of 19 5 . 3 3d radiation pattern gps l1 band at 1575.42mhz gps l2 band at 1226.7mhz
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 12 of 19 6 . mechanical d rawing ( u nit: mm) 6.1 gpdf.47.8.a.02
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 13 of 19 6.2 gpdfd.47.a evaluation board
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 14 of 19 7 . pcb footprint & application recommendation s traditional single - pin gps patch antennas generate circular polarization by creating two orthogonal field modes within the patch, one lagging in phase by 90 compared to the other. these orthogonal modes are created by a number of means, including chamfering the patch and offsetting the feed (pin) location. this function provides a n excellent axial ra tio (a measure of circular polarization purity), but the axial ratio bandwidth tends to be lower than the impedance or efficiency bandwidth of the antenna. dual - feed patch antennas, on the other hand, create circular polarization through what is perhaps a more straightforward approach. rather than using the aforementioned techniques to create the required orthogonal modes, two separate feeds are instead used. each feed creates a mode, and the feeds are placed such that the modes are orthogonal. a 90 phase shift is applied externally to one feed to fully realize circular polarization. the advantage of this dual - feed structure is that the axial ratio bandwidth tends to be much wider than for a comparable single - feed patch. this can yield improvement s in interf erence and multipath rejection for glonass and beidou, and be more resilient to detuning the axial ratio. the gpdf.47.a dual - band l1+l2 dual - feed patch antennas are created to realize these benefits. however, t here are a few key items to control when it comes to verifying the implementation of this antenna: 1. ground plane: the antenna needs to be placed on at least a 50 * 50mm ground plane. 2. placement: center the antenna on the ground plane to minimizing detuning. 3. feeding: the an tenna uses four feed pins , two for each band (l1 and l2) . each band pair should be fed with a hybrid coupler (anaren xc1400p - 03s) as shown below. 4. transmission lines: all feed lines need to be 50 - ohm transmission lines. microstrip or grounded coplanar waveguide (cpw - ground) should be used .
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 15 of 19 the footprint and reference layout ar e provided in the figures 2 and 3 , respectively. these connections are s hown schematically in figure 1 . a bill of material is presented below in table 1 . it is critical to match the trace lengths of the 0/90 feeds for each band, within a +/ - 0.5mm tolerance. the feed lengths between bands do not need to be matched. for example, the trace length between l1 - 0 and x1 pin 1 needs to be the sa me length (within +/ - 0.5mm) as the trace length between l1 - 90 and x1 pin 2. but the trace length between l1 - 0 and x1 pin 1 does not need to be the same as the trace length between l2 - 0 and x2 pin 1. figure 1 . schematic representation of gpdf.47.8.a.02 feed network . the pin numbers of hybrid couplers x1 and x2 follow the manufacturers datasheet reference.
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 16 of 19 designators description manufacturer part number quantity x1, x2 3db 90 hybrid coupler, gps l1/l2 anaren xc1400p - 03s 2 r1, r2 resistor, 49.9 ohm, 1% , 0402 or 0603 multiple multiple 2 ant1 l1+l2 dual - feed stacked patches taoglas gpdf.47.8.a.02 1 table 1 . bill of ma terial for schematic in figure 1 .
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 17 of 19 figure 2 . 5 0 * 50mm reference board, top view l2 - 90 l2 - 0 l1 - 0 l1 - 90
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 18 of 19 figure 3 . 50 * 50mm reference board, bottom view to system l1 to system l2 l1 - 0 l1 - 90 l2 - 0 l2 - 90
sp e - 16 - 08 - 044 /a/wy page 19 of 19 8 . p ackaging

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