information furnished by hamamatsu is believed to be reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. specifications are subject to change without notice. no patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ?010 hamamatsu photoni cs k.k. subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may var y. please consult with our sales office. gaas (cs) photocathode, wide spectral response, 51 mm (2") diameter head-on type for photon counting, low dark counts, excellent p.h.d. general figure 1: typical spectral response tpmhb0281ea 200 400 600 800 1000 wavelength (nm) cathode radiant sensitivity (ma/w) quantum efficiency (%) 10 - 2 10 - 1 10 0 10 1 10 2 quantum efficiency cathode radiant sensitivity photomultiplier tube r943-02 features wide spectral response ............. 160 nm to 930 nm high quantum efficiency in near ir ... 14 % at 632.8 nm fast rise time ................................. 3.0 ns at 1500 v excellent single photoelectron pulse height distribution ........................... peak to valley ratio 2.3 (at -20 c) low dark counts ..................... 20 s -1 typ. (at -20 c) raman spectroscopy fluorescent spectroscopy astrophysical measurement laser detection applications hamamatsu r943-02 is a 51 mm (2") diameter head-on type photomultiplier tube having gaas (cs) photocathode and synthetic silica window. the combination of the gaas photocathode and the synthetic silica window allows high sensitivity over a wide spe ctral range from uv to ir (160 nm to 930 nm). the r943-02 is selected for photon counting and features low dark counts and excellent pulse height distribution (phd) of singl e photoelectrons. parameter description / value unit spectral response wavelength of maximum response photocathode materiai minimum effective area mode window material dynode secondary emitting surface structure number of stages direct interelectrode capacitances anode to last dynode anode to all other electrodes base suitabie socket weight operating ambient temperature storage temperature 160 to 930 300 to 800 gaas(cs) 10 10 opaque synthetic silica glass cu-beo linear focused 10 approx. 2.7 approx. 5.0 21-pin glass base e678?1c (supplied) 93 -30 to +50 -80 to +50 nm nm mm pf pf g c c
maximum ratings (absolute maximum values) characteristlcs (at 25 c) notes electrode k dy1 dy2 dy3 dy4 dy5 dy6 dy7 dy8 distribution ratio 31.51111111 suppiy voltage : 1500 v, k : cathode, dy : dynode, p : anode 11 table 1: voltage distribution ratio the r943-02 is similar to the burle c31034 series photomultiplier tube. the base and voltage divider are different. replacement information warning?ersonal safety hazards electrical shock operating voltages applied to this device present a shock hazard. dy9 dy10 p a averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum. b measured at single photoelectron level. the discriminator level is set at val- ley point. c in practical operation, the cathode current should be lower than 0.1 na to prevent shortening the life of the photocathode. d supply voltage is 150 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes. e the light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution tem- perature of 2856 k. f the quotient of the cathode sensitivity measured with the light source is the same as note d passing through a red filter (toshiba r-68) divided by the cathode luminous sensitivity without the red filter. g measured with supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio in table 1. h measured with supply voltage to provide the anode luminous sensitivity of 200 (a/lm) and the voltage distribution ratio in table 1 after 30 minute stor- age in the darkness. j measured with supply voltage that gives 2 10 6 gain and with the voltage distribution ratio shown in table 1 after one hour storage in the cooler set at -20 c. the discriminator is set at 1/3 of a single photoelectron level. k the rise time is the time it takes the output pulse to rise from 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse. l the electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of a delta func- tion light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the output pulse reaches the peak amplitude. in measurement the entire pho- tocathode is illuminated. photomultiplier tube r943-02 parameter value unit supply voltage between anode and cathode between anode and last dynode average anode current a average pulse count rate b average cathode current c 2200 250 1 6 10 6 1 v v a s -1 na parameter typ. unit cathode sensitivity d quantum efficiency at 253.7 nm (hg-line) at 632.8 nm (he-ne laser) luminous e radiant at 253.7 nm (hg-line) at 632.8 nm (he-ne laser) at 700 nm at 852.1 nm (cs-line) red/white ratio f anode sensitivity g luminous e radiant at 253.7 nm (hg-line) at 632.8 nm (he-ne laser) at 700 nm at 852.1 nm (cs-line) gain g equivalent anode dark current h anode dark counts j single photoelectron phd (peak to valley ratio) time response g anode pulse rise time k electron transit time l 15 14 600 30 70 71 65 0.58 300 1.5 10 4 3.5 10 4 3.6 10 4 3.3 10 4 5 10 5 1 20 2.3 3.0 23 min. 300 150 max. 10 50 % % a/lm ma/w ma/w ma/w ma/w a/lm a/w a/w a/w a/w na s -1 ns ns
figure 2: typical single photoelectron pulse height distribution figure 3: typical gain figure 4: typical time response figure 6: typical dark counts vs. temperature figure 5: typical temperature coefficient of quantum efficiency tpmhb0282ea tpmhb0283ea tpmhb0045ea tpmhb0284ea tpmhb0285eb cooling as figure 6 shows, the dark counts of the r943-02 decreases by cooling the tube. therefore, when performing photon count- ing, it is recommended that the tube be cooled down to about -20 c. the cooler c10372 which features temperature control from -30 c to 0 c is available from hamamatsu. 0 1024 512 channel number (ch) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 counts per channel full scale (signal+dark): 1 10 4 full scale (dark): 1 10 3 signal+dark dark wavelength of incident light lower level discrimination signal+dark counts dark counts temperature : 800 nm : 87 ch : 5329 s -1 : 20 s -1 : -20 c 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 10 2 cathode to anode voltage (v) gain 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 10 1 time (ns) supply voltage (v) transit time 10 0 10 2 rise time wavelength (nm) 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 temperature coefficient (%/ c) temperature range: 10 to 40 ( c) -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 temperature ( c) dark counts (s -1 )
tpmh1115e07 dec. 2010 ip figure 7: dimensional outline and basing diagram (unit: mm) a) b) photocathode orientation of photocathode with respect to base pin x axis cross section y axis cross section c) socket(refer to notes a ) e678 21c (supplied) tpmha0286ea tpmha0022eb tpmha0023eb tacca0066ec x y 51 1 10 6.6 3.4 1.6 photocathode center 19 88 2 14 max. ha-coating (conductive paint connected to the photocathode) light shield (silicone) 15 photocathode photocathode (10 10) bottom view top view dy k p ic : dynode : photocathode : anode : internal connection (should not be used) short pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 k dy2 dy4 dy1 p dy8 dy10 ic ic ic ic dy9 dy7 dy5 dy3 dy6 ic ic ic ic ic 10 33 2 pin 3 pin 1 pin 14 90 2.5 22.0 15 20 1 photocathode 22.0 17.5 1.0 photocathode center 19 15 1 tube center 1.6 photocathode 7.5 1.0 17.5 1.0 10.5 20 1 input window input window 11.5 10 r5 56.8 19 51 5 4 13 6.5 remarks ha coating the r943-02 is coated with the conductive paint connected to the cathode, which is covered with an insulating material (ha coating). this method de- creases noise. care should be taken not to dam- age the insulating cover wrapping around the bulb. cautions use the hamamatsu socket e678-21c. when soldering the voltage dividers to the socket, the pmt should be inserted in the socket. helium will permeate through the silica bulb, leading to an increase in noise. avoid operating or stor- ing tubes in an environment where helium is present. as the r943-02 has a synthetic silica window, a very thin graded sealing structure is used in the bulb wall. although it is covered with an insulating cover, extreme care should be taken in handling. photomultiplier tube r943-02 hamamatsu photonics k.k. hamamatsu photonics k.k., electron tube division 314-5, shimokanzo, iwata city, shizuoka pref., 438-0193, japan, telephone: (81)539/62-5248, fax: (81)539/62-2205 u.s.a.: hamamatsu corporation: 360 foothill road, p. o. box 6910, bridgewater. n.j. 08807-0910, u.s.a., telephone: (1)908-231-0960, fa x: (1)908-231-1218 e-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com germany: hamamatsu photonics deutschland gmbh: arzbergerstr. 10, d-82211 herrsching am ammersee, germany, telephone: (49)8152-375-0, f ax: (49)8152-2658 e-mail: info@hamamatsu.de france: hamamatsu photonics france s.a.r.l.: 19, rue du saule trapu, parc du moulin de massy, 91882 massy cedex, france, telephone: (3 3)1 69 53 71 00, fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 e-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr united kingdom: hamamatsu photonics uk limited: 2 howard court, 10 tewin road welwyn garden city hertfordshire al7 1bw, united kingdom, teleph one: 44-(0)1707-294888, fax: 44(0)1707-325777 e-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk north europe: hamamatsu photonics norden ab: smidesv ? gen 12, se-171-41 solna, sweden, telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, fax: (46)8-509-031-01 e-mail: info@hamamatsu.se italy: hamamatsu photonics italia: s.r.l.: strada della moia, 1/e, 20020 arese, (milano), italy, telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, fax: (39)02-935 81 741 e-mail: info@hamamatsu.it www.hamamatsu.com
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