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ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 1 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product primary side power switcher for off - line smps description the ap3988 is a performance enhanced power switcher for power supplies with better conversion efficiency , better voltage & current accuracy , and improved protection funct ions . typical applications include charger, adapter for adsl, home appliance power supply, led lighting power supply and pc auxiliary power supplies. the controller regulates the output voltage and current in the primary side by piece - wise pulse frequency modulation (p - pfm) in discontinuous conduction mode (dcm). the system operating frequency reduces linearly from heavy load to light load in each interval of the p - pfm, and enters constant current mode when the load current equals to the maximum system outp ut current. the ap3988 provides operating frequency ditheri ng function to improve emc performance of power supply . it also has built - in fixed cable voltage drop compensation (5% of nominal system output voltage) and adjustable line voltage com pensation. the ap3988 solu tion has fewer component number , smaller size, and lower total cost. the ap3988 is packaged in so - 7 . features ? primary side control f or eliminating opto - coupler and secondary cv/ cc control circuitr y ? built - in npn transistor with 700v c bo ? low start - up current: 0.2 ? a (typ.) ? internal output cable voltage drop compensation ? hiccup function to improve s hort c ircuit p rote ctio n ? bet ter over voltage protection ? better over temperature protection ? low total cost solution ? output power range (note 1): for 5 .5 w adapt er ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (note 2 & 3) ? halogen and antimony free. green device ( note 4) pin assignments ( top view) so - 7 applications ? adapters ? set top boxes ? appliances note s : 1 . typical continuous power in a non - ventilated enclosed adapter measur ed at + 50 c ambient. 2 . no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (rohs 2) compliant. 3 . see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of hal ogen - and antimo ny - free, "green" and lead - f ree . 4 . halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds . cpc fb vcc cs c c gnd 1 2 3 4 7 6 5
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 2 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product typical applic ations circuit for ap39 88 (5 v/1a) item function qty item function qty c1 ,c2 4.7 f/400v, electrolytic 2 r f1 10 /1w, fuse resistor 1 c3 4.7 f/50v, electrolytic 1 r3 3.3m ? /0.25w 1 c5 1nf/ 250 v, ceramic 1 r5 3. 9 ? , 0805 1 c8 0.01 f, 0805 1 r6 150k ? , 1206 1 c11 1nf, 0805 1 r7 2.7 ? , 1206 1 c12 68 0 f/1 0 v 1 r8 75 k ? , 0805 1 d1 to d6 1n4007, rectifier diode 6 r9 4 3k ? , 0805 1 d12 apd340,schottky diode 1 r10 20 0 ? , 0805 1 l 1 1mh, i nductor 1 r11 27 ? , 0805 1 l 2 bead, 0805 1 r12 1. 5 k ? , 0805 1 u1 ap39 88, so - 7 1 t1 ee 13 core, pc40, transformer 1 + j 1 a c 9 0 - 2 6 4 v d 1 t o d 4 c 2 r f 1 + c 1 d 6 l 1 t 1 f b c v c c c s + c 3 u 1 c p c c 8 r 5 c 1 1 n p l 2 n f b d 5 c 5 r 6 v o + v o - g n d d 1 2 + c 1 2 r 1 1 r 1 2 r 1 0 r 3 r 8 r 9 r 7
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 3 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product pin description s p in number pin name function 1 cpc this pin connect s a capacitor to gnd for output cable compensation 2 fb the voltage feedback from auxiliary winding 3 vcc this pin receives rectified voltage from the auxiliary winding of the transformer 4 cs current sense for primary side of transformer 5, 6 c this pin is connected with an internal power bjts collector functional block diagram r e g u l a t o r & b i a s o v p o c k p o t p p f m u v l o c v _ c t r l p f m d r i v e r r q s r q s f b c s c p c v c c c s g n d c o n s t a n t v o l t a g e c o n t r o l c a b l e c o m p e n s a t i o n c o n s t a n t c u r r e n t c o n t r o l 0 . 0 5 v v f b _ r e f 3 4 7 1 2 v c s n ( n = 1 , 2 , 3 ) c o m p p e a k c u r r e n t c o n t r o l l e b f r e q u e n c y d i t h e r v c s n s e l e c t d y n a m i c r e s p o n s e p r o d y n s h u t d o w n p r e _ s h u t d o w n l i n e c o m p . t o n s t o n s , n l a n d l l d e t e c t o r o s c u v u v v l o a d v a l l y o n v l o a d c c _ c t r l m a x t o n p r c s s h o r t o u t p u t s h o r t t o n s l l n l c p c t o s c d e t e c t p u l s e ( l l + n l ) b a r n l v l o a d u v c v _ m d e t e c t o n d e t e c t o n l l v l o a d v c s n ( n = 1 , 2 , 3 ) t o s c n l l l c 5 , 6
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 4 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product absolute maximum ratings (note 5 ) symbol parameter rating unit v cc supply voltage - 0.3 to 30 v v c s , v c p c voltage on cs, cpc pin - 0.3 to 7 v v fb fb input voltage - 0.3 to 8 v v cbo collector - emitter voltage 700 v i c dc collector dc current 1.5 a t j operating junction temperature + 150 c t stg storage temperature - 65 to + 1 50 c t lead lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) + 300 c C esd ( machine model ) 200 v C esd ( human body model ) 2000 v p d total power dissipation 0.7 w note 5 : stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause perman ent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating condi tions is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for exte nded periods may affect device reliability. recommended operating conditions symbol parameter min max unit v cc supply voltage C op operating temperature range - 40 + 85 c f s(max) maximum operating frequency C thermal impedanc e (note 6 ) symbol parameter value unit ja junction to ambient 1 40 c /w jc junction to case 70 not e 6: when mounted a standard single - sided fr4 bo ard with 300mm 2 cu (at least 35 m thick) connect ed to cs pin and all collect ors .
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 5 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product electrical characteristics (@ v cc = 1 5v, t j = + 25c , unless othe rwise specified .) symbol parameters conditions min typ max unit startup and uvlo section v th_st turn - on voltage C 13 15 1 7 v v o pr(min) turn - off voltage C 5.2 5.8 6.4 v sta ndby current section i st turn - on current v cc =v th_st - 1 v before startup 0 0.2 0.6 a i cc _opr operating current static current @ no load 550 6 50 750 operating frequency section (5% load to full load) f s(max) operating frequency in full load condition C C C 60 khz f/f frequency dithering 5 % to 100% of full load range 4.5 5 5.5 % op erating frequency section (no load to 5% of i out(max) ) f s(min) output v oltage d etection f requency C 1.8 2 2.2 khz current sense section v cs_h peak current s ense v oltage in h eavy l oad 40 % to 100% of full load 8 74 9 10 9 46 mv v cs_ m peak current s ens e v oltage in middle l oad 1 7 % to 4 0% of full load 581 605 630 mv v cs_ l peak current s ense v oltage in light l oad 5 % to 1 7 % of full load 390 405 425 mv v cs / v cs v cs modulation for frequency dithering C C 2.5 C % t mod v cs modulation period C 225 250 275 s r l ine built - in line compensation r esistor C 2 60 3 30 400 ? ? t leb leading edge blanking @ v cs_h and v cs_ m 600 750 900 ns constant voltage section v fb equivalent feedback voltage @ 90% load closed l oop t est of v out 4.1 3 4.20 4.2 7 v i fb fb pin input current v fb = 4 v 3.36 4.20 5.04 a v cab l e cable compensation drop C C 0.35 C v constant current section t ons /t sw secondary winding conduction duty v fb = 3 v C 4/7 C C power transistor section v ce(sat) collector - emitter saturation voltage i c =0.5a C C 0.3 v h fe dc current gain C 14 17 C C i ceo leakage current C C C 60 a protection function section v fb(ovp) over voltage protection C C 7.5 C v v fb(scp) short circuit protection v fb @ hiccup 2.6 3.3 3.7 v t otp shutdown temperature C + 125 + 160 C c t hys temperature hys teresis C C + 40 C c
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 6 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product performance characteristics turn - on voltage vs. ambient temperature turn - off voltage vs. ambient temperature o perating curr ent vs. ambient temperature o peration description figure 1 . simplified flyback converter controlled by ap3988 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 turn-off voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) 125 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 500 550 600 650 700 750 operating current ( ? a) ambient temperature ( o c) 125 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 turn on voltage (v) ambient temperature ( o c) + c 1 + c o v o d 1 r f b 1 r f b 2 r c s c f b c s g n d a p 3 9 8 8 n s n a u x n p i o u t v s v a u x v i n l m c p c c c p c q 1 v b u l k
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 7 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product o peration description ( c ont.) constant primary peak current the primary i p (t) current is sensed by a current sense resistor r cs as shown in figure 1 . the current rises up linearly at a rate of: (1) figure 2 . primary current waveform as illustrated in figure 2 , when the current i p (t) rises up to i pk , the switch q1 turns off. the constant peak current is given by: (2) the energy stored in the magnetizing inductance l m each cycle is therefore: (3) s o the power transferring from input to output is given by: (4) where f sw is the switching frequency. when the peak current i pk is constant, the output power depends on the switching frequency f sw . constant voltage operation the ap3988 captures the auxiliary winding feedback voltage at fb pin and operates in constant - voltage (cv) mode to regulate the output voltage. assuming the secondary winding is master, the auxiliary winding is slave during the d1 on - time. the auxi liary voltage is given by: (5) where v d is the diode forward drop voltage, n aux is the turns of auxiliary winding, and n s is the turns of secondary winding. figure 3 . auxiliary voltage waveform th e output voltage is different from the secondary voltage in a diode forward drop voltage v d which depends on the current. if the secondary voltage is always detected at a constant secondary current, the difference between the output voltage and the seconda ry voltage will be a fixed v d . the voltage detection point is portion of t ons after d1 is turned on. the cv loop control function of ap3988 then generates a d1 off - time to regulate the output voltage. i p ( t ) 0 a s e e e q u a t i o n 2 i p k sw pk m f i l p ? ? ? ? 2 2 1 s e e e q u a t i o n 5 v a u x 0 v p o r t i o n o f t o n s t o n s cs cs pk r v i ? ? ? d s aux aux v v n n v ? ? ? o m b l t v dt t di ) ( ) ( ulk p ? 2 g 2 1 pk m i l e ? ? ?
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 8 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product o peration description ( c ont.) constant cur rent operation the ap3988 is designed to work in constant current (cc) mode. figure 4 shows the secondary current waveforms. figure 4. secondary current waveform in cc operation, the cc loop control function of ap3988 will keep a fixed proportion between d1 on - time t ons and d1 off - time t offs by discharging or charging the built - in capacitance connected. this fixed proportion is (6) the relation between the output constant - current and secondary peak current i pks is given by: (7) at the instant of d1 turn - on, the primary current transfers to the secondary at an amplitude of: (8) thus the output constant current is given b y: (9) leading edge blanking (leb) when the power switch is turned on, a turn - on spike on the output pulse rising edge will occur on the sense - resistor. to avoid false termination of the switching pulse, a typical 75 0ns leadi ng edge blanking is built in. during this blanking period, the current sense comparator is disabled and the gate driver cannot be s witched off. the built - in leb in ap3988 has shorter delay time from current sense terminal to output pulse than those ic solutions adopting external rc filter as leb. built - in cable compensation the ap3988 has built - in fixed voltage of 0.35v typical to compensate the drop of output cable when the load is changed from zero to full load. a typical 10n f external capacitor connected to the cpc pin is used to smooth voltage signal for cable compensation. over temperature protection the ap3988 has internal thermal sensing circuit to shut down the pfm driver output when the die temperature reach es + 160 c typical. when the die temperature drops about + 40 c , the ic will recover automatically to normal operation. offs ons ons pks out t t t i i ? ? ? ? 2 1 pk s p out i n n i ? ? ? 7 2 i s 0 a s e e e q u a t i o n 7 t o n s t o f f s i o u t pk s p pks i n n i ? ? 3 4 ? offs ons t t
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 9 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product ordering information diodes ics pb - free products with "g1" suffix in the part number, are rohs co mpliant and green . package temperature range part number marking id packing so - 7 - 40 c to + 85 c ap39 88 mtr - g1 39 88 m - g1 4000/ tape & reel marking information ( top view) first and second lines: logo and marking id third line: date code y: year ww: work week of molding a: assembly house code xx: 7 th and 8 th digits of batch no. a p 3 9 8 8 x x x - g 1 p a c k i n g p a c k a g e t r : t a p e & r e e l m : s o - 7 g 1 : g r e e n p r o d u c t n a m e r o h s / g r e e n
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 10 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product package outline dimensions (all d im ensions in mm (inch) . ) (1) package t ype: so - 7 3 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 0 ) 4 . 0 0 0 ( 0 . 1 5 7 ) 1 . 2 7 0 ( 0 . 0 5 0 ) t y p 4 . 7 0 0 ( 0 . 1 8 5 ) 5 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 2 0 1 ) 0 . 3 3 0 ( 0 . 0 1 3 ) 0 . 5 1 0 ( 0 . 0 2 0 ) 0 . 1 9 0 ( 0 . 0 0 7 ) 0 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 0 ) 0 . 1 0 0 ( 0 . 0 0 4 ) 0 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 0 ) 1 . 3 5 0 ( 0 . 0 5 3 ) 1 . 7 5 0 ( 0 . 0 6 9 ) 0 . 4 5 0 ( 0 . 0 1 7 ) 0 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 0 3 1 ) 8 0 5 . 8 0 0 ( 0 . 2 2 8 ) 6 . 2 0 0 ( 0 . 2 4 4 ) 2 . 5 4 ( 0 . 1 0 0 ) t y p 1 . 2 5 0 ( 0 . 0 4 9 ) 1 . 5 0 0 ( 0 . 0 5 9 ) n o t e : e j e c t h o l e , o r i e n t e d h o l e a n d m o l d m a r k i s o p t i o n a l .
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 11 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product suggested pad layout (1) package t ype: so - 7 dimensions z (mm)/(inch) g (mm)/(inch) x (mm)/(inch) y (mm)/(inch) e (mm)/(inch) e1 (mm)/(inch) value 6.900/0.272 3.900/0.154 0.650/0.026 1.500/0.059 1.270/0.050 2.540/0.100 z g e 1 e x y
ap3988 document number: ds 36722 rev. 4 - 2 12 of 12 www.diodes.com june 2014 ? diodes incorporated ap39 88 a product line of diodes incorporated new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equival ents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein . diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harm less against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthor ized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended o r unauthorized application, customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees a rising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. pro duct names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or system s without the express written approv al of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when prope rly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evice s or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related requirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or system s, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorpora ted and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 4 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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