powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter VLA500-01 1 rev. 2/08 description: VLA500-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed for driving igbt modules. this device is a fully isolated gate drive circuit consist - ing of an optimally isolated gate drive amplifer and an isolated dc-to-dc converter. the gate driver provides an over-current protection function based on desaturation detection. features: built-in isolated dc-to-dc converter for gate drive sip outline allows more space on mounting area built-in short-circuit protection (with fault output) variable fall time on short- circuit protection electrical isolation voltage between input and output (2500 v rms for 1 minute) ttl compatible input application: to drive igbt modules for inverter or ac servo systems applications recommended igbt modules: 600v module up to 600a 1200v module up to 1400a outline drawing and circuit diagram dimensions inches millimeters a 3.27 83.0 b 1.3 33.0 c 0.61 15.5 d 0.2 5.0 e 0.1 2.54 f 0.45 11.5 g 0.18 4.5 note: all dimensions listed are maximums except e. 1 30 a b c f g d d e 25 19 20 27 29 28 30 23 24 21 22 26 regulator 16.4 v dc dc-dc converter v iso = 2500v rms fault latch and timer interface buffer opto coupler 180? + ? + ? v ge detector v cc gnd shutdown speed adjust fault t trip adjust v ce detect v o v ee control input 5v 1 2 3 4 6 7 v d 15v
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 2 rev. 2/08 absolute maximum ratings, t a = 25c unless otherwise specifed characteristics symbol VLA500-01 units supply voltage, dc v d -1 ~ 16.5 volts input signal voltage (applied between pin 6 - 7, 50% duty cycle, pulse width 1ms) v i -1 ~ 7 volts output voltage (when the output voltage is "h") v o v cc volts output current i ohp -12 amperes (pulse width 2s) i olp 12 amperes isolation voltage (sine wave voltage 60hz, for 1 minute) v iso 2500 v rms case temperature1 (surface temperature opto-coupler location)*** t c1 85 c case temperature2 (surface temperature except opto-coupler location) t c2 100 c operating temperature (no condensation allowable) t opr -20 to 60 c storage temperature (no condensation allowable) t stg -25 to 100* c fault output current (applied pin 28) i fo 20 ma input voltage to pin 30 (applied pin 30) v r30 50 volts gate drive current (average) i drive 210** ma *differs from temperature cycle condition. **refer to i drive vs. t a characteristics (typical) graph. (needs derating) ***t c1 measurement point (opto-coupler location) electrical and mechanical characteristics, t a = 25c unless otherwise specifed, v d = 15v, r g = 2.2 w ) characteristics symbol test conditions min. typ. max. units supply voltage v d recommended range 14.2 15 15.8 volts pull-up voltage on input side v in recommended range 4.75 5 5.25 volts "h" input current i ih recommended range 15.2 16 19 ma switching frequency f recommended range 20 khz gate resistance r g recommended range 1 w "h" input current i ih v in = 5v 16 ma gate positive supply voltage v cc 15.2 17.5 volts gate negative supply voltage v ee -6 -11.5 volts gate supply effciency e ta load current = 210ma 60 75 % e ta = (v cc + |v ee |) x 0.21 / (15 x i d ) x 100 "h" output voltage v oh 10k w connected between pin 23-20 14 15.3 16.5 volts "l" output voltage v ol 10k w connected between pin 23-20 -5.5 -11 volts "l-h" propagation time t plh i ih = 16ma 0.3 0.6 1 s "l-h" rise time t r i ih = 16ma 0.3 1 s "h-l" propagation time t phl i ih = 16ma 0.6 1 1.3 s "h-l" fall time t f i ih = 16ma 0.3 1 s marking side t c1 measurement point (opto-coupler location)
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 3 rev. 2/08 v d = 14.2v 50 25 20 15 40 45 35 30 10 5 0 0 100 300 200 400 500 600 800 700 t 2 v d = 15v v d = 15.8v v cc |v ee | t plh t phl t plh t phl t 1 v d = 15v t a = 25c connective cap ac it ance, c tr ip , (pf) (pin: 27 C 21) fa ll time on a ctivity of shor t- circuit pr ot ection, t 1 , t 2 , (s) t 1, t 2 vs. c s chara cteristics (typical) 16 24 22 20 18 14 12 8 10 -20 0 20 60 40 80 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c) v cc , |v ee |, (v ol ts) v cc , |v ee | vs. t a chara cteristics (typical) v d = 15v r g = 2.2 w load: cm1400du-24nf f = 10khz d. f. = 50% 6 14 18 16 12 10 4 6 8 0 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.25 lo ad current , i o , (amperes) (pin : 19 C 21, 22) v cc , |v ee |, (v ol ts) v cc , |v ee | vs. i o chara cteristics (typical) t a = 25c dc load 3.5 6.0 5.0 5.5 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 -20 0 20 60 40 80 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c) contr olled time detect shor t- circui t, t tr ip1 , t tr ip2 , (s) t trip vs. t a chara cteristics (typical) 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 -20 0 20 60 40 80 ambient tempera ture, t a , (c) pr op ag at ion dela y time l-h, t plh , (s) pr op ag at ion dela y time h-l , t phl , (s) t plh , t phl vs. t a chara cteristics (typical) 0 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.4 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 5.0 6.0 input signal vo lt ag e, v i , (v ol ts) pr op ag at ion dela y time l-h, t plh , (s) pr op ag at ion dela y time h-l , t phl , (s) t plh , t phl vs. v i chara cteristics (typical) 0 v d = 15v v d = 15.8v v d = 14.2v v d = 15v r g = 2.2 w v in = 5.0v load: cm1400du-24nf v d = 15v r g = 2.2 w t a = 25c load: cm1400du-24nf v d = 15v r g = 2.2 w load: cm1400du-24nf t tr ip2 (c tr ip = 10pf) t tr ip1 (c tr ip = 0pf) electrical and mechanical characteristics, t a = 25c unless otherwise specifed, v d = 15v, r g = 2.2 w ) characteristics symbol test conditions min. typ. max. units timer t timer between start and cancel 1 2 ms (under input sign "l") fault output current i fo applied pin 28, r = 4.7k w 5 ma controlled time detect short-circuit 1 t trip1 pin 30 : 15v and more, pin 29 : open 2.8 s controlled time detect short-circuit 2* t trip2 pin 30 : 15v and more, pin 29-21, 22 : 10pf 3.2 s (connective capacitance) sc detect voltage v sc collector voltage of module 15 volts *length of wiring from c trip to pins 21, 22, and 29 must be less than 5cm.
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 4 rev. 2/08 v d = 16.5v 20 10 8 6 16 18 14 12 4 2 0 14.0 14.5 15.5 15.0 16.0 16.5 17.0 v cc v d = 15v |v ee | t a = 25c suppl y vo lt ag e, v d , (v ol ts) v in (pin 6 to 7) v o (pin 23 to 22) 90% 50% 10% t r t f t plh t phl v cc , |v ee |, (v ol ts) v cc , |v ee | vs. v d chara cteristics (typical) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0 0.05 0.10 02 04 06 08 0 ambient temperat ure, t a , (c) ga te drive current , i dr iv e , (amperes) t a vs. i drive chara cteristics (typical) r g = 1.1 w load: cm1400du-24nf 65 75 70 60 55 45 50 14.0 14.5 15.0 16.0 16.5 15.5 17.0 suppl y vo lt ag e, v d , (v ol ts) efficiency , e ta , (%) e ta , vs. v d chara cteristics (typical) switching time definitions 40 50 80 70 60 40 30 10 20 0 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.25 ga te drive current , i dr iv e , (amperes) efficiency , e ta , (%) e ta vs. i drive chara cteristics (typical) 0 i o = 0.1a t a = 25c v d = 15v t a = 25c v oh |v ol | 5 9 8 7 6 4 3 1 2 02 55 0 100 75 125 connective cap ac it ance, c tr ip , (pf) (pin: 29 C 21) contr olled time detect sho rt -circui t, t tr ip , (s) t trip vs. c trip chara cteristics (typical) v d = 15v t a = 25c 0 v d = 15v r g = 2.2 w load: cm1400du-24nf 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.25 lo ad current , i o , (amperes) (pin: 19 C 21, 22) input current , i d , (amperes) i d vs. i o chara cteristics (typical) v d = 15v t a = 25c 0 14 22 20 18 16 12 10 6 8 -20 02 06 0 40 80 ambient temperat ure, t a , (c) h output vo lt ag e, v oh , (v ol ts) l output vo lt ag e, |v ol |, (v ol ts) v oh , |v ol | vs. t a chara cteristics (typical) 4
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 5 rev. 2/08 + c2 1 2 3 7 26 27 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 28 control c3 r g c trip c1 g e igbt module r2 r1 cs dz1 d1 dz2 dz3 op1 +15v common +5v fault r3 r4 c4 b1 4 5 6 + + 29 VLA500-01 component selection: design typical value description d1 0.5a v ce detection diode ? fast recovery, v rrm > v ces of igbt being used (note 1) dz1 30v, 0.5w detect input pin surge voltage protection (note 2) dz2, dz3 18v, 1.0w gate surge voltage protection c1 150f, 35v v d supply decoupling ? electrolytic, long life, low impedance, 105c (note 3) c2, c3 100-1000f, 35v dc/dc output filter ? electrolytic, long life, low impedance, 105c (note 3,4) c4 0.01f fault feedback signal noise filter cs 0-1000pf adjust soft shutdown ? multilayer ceramic or film (see application note) c trip 0-200pf adjust trip time ? multilayer ceramic or film (see application note) r1 4.7k?, 0.25w fault sink current limiting resistor r2 3.3k?, 0.25w fault signal noise suppression resistor r3 1k?, 0.25w fault feedback signal noise filter r4 4.7k?, 0.25w fault feedback signal pull-up op1 nec ps2501 opto-coupler for fault feedback signal isolation b1 cmos buffer 74hc04 or similar ? must actively pull high to maintain noise immunity notes: (1) the v ce detection diode should have a blocking voltage rating equal to or greater than the v ces of the igbt being driven. recovery time should be less than 200ns to prevent application of high voltage to pin 30. (2) dz1 is necessary to protect pin 30 of the driver from voltage surges during the recovery of d1. (3) power supply input and output decoupling capacitors should be connected as close as possible to the pins of the gate driver. (4) dc-to-dc converter output decoupling capacitors must be sized to have appropriate esr and ripple current capability for the igbt being driven. application circuit
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 6 rev. 2/08 general description the VLA500-01 is a hybrid integrated circuit designed to provide gate drive for high power igbt modules. this circuit has been optimized for use with powerex nf- series and a-series igbt modules. however, the output characteristics are compatible with most mos gated power devices. the VLA500-01 features a com - pact single-in-line package design. the upright mount - ing minimizes required printed circuit board space to allow effcient and fexible layout. the VLA500-01 converts logic level control signals into fully isolated +15v/-8v gate drive with up to12a of peak drive current. isolated drive power is provided by a built in dc-to-dc converter and control signal isolation is provided by an integrated high speed opto-coupler. short circuit protec - tion is provided by means of destauration detection. short circuit protection figure 1 shows a block diagram of a typical desatura - tion detector. in this circuit, a high voltage fast recovery diode (d1) is connected to the igbts collector to moni - tor the collector to emitter voltage. when the igbt is in the off state, v ce is high and d1 is reverse biased. with d1 off the (+) input of the comparator is pulled up to the positive gate drive power supply (v+) which is nor - mally +15v. when the igbt turns on, the comparators (+) input is pulled down by d1 to the igbts v ce(sat) . the (-) input of the comparator is supplied with a fxed voltage (v trip ). during a normal on-state condition the comparators (+) input will be less than v trip and its out - put will be low. during a normal off-state condition the comparators (+) input will be larger than v trip and its out - put will be high. if the igbt turns on into a short circuit, the high current will cause the igbts collector-emitter voltage to rise above v trip even though the gate of the igbt is being driven on. this abnormal presence of high v ce when the igbt is supposed to be on is often called desaturation . desaturation can be detected by a logical and of the drivers input signal and the com - parator output. when the output of the and goes high a short circuit is indicated. the output of the and can be used to command the igbt to shut down in order to protect it from the short circuit. a delay (t trip ) must be provided after the comparator output to allow for the nor - mal turn on time of the igbt. the t trip delay is set so that the igbt's v ce has enough time to fall below v trip during normal turn on switching. if t trip is set too short, erroneous desaturation detection will occur. the maxi - mum allowable t trip delay is limited by the igbts short circuit withstanding capability. in typical applications using powerex igbt modules the recommended limit is 10s. operation of the VLA500-01 desaturation detector the powerex VLA500-01 incorporates short circuit protection using desaturation detection as described above. a fow chart for the logical operation of the short- circuit protection is shown in figure 2. when a desatura - tion is detected the hybrid gate driver performs a soft shutdown of the igbt and starts a timed (t timer ) 1.5ms lock out. the soft turn-off helps to limit the transient voltage that may be generated while interrupting the large short circuit current fowing in the igbt. during the lock out the driver pulls pin 28 low to indicate the fault status. normal operation of the driver will resume after the lock-out time has expired and the control input signal returns to its off state. adjustment of trip time the VLA500-01 has a default short-circuit detection time delay (t trip ) of approximately 3s. this will prevent erroneous detection of short-circuit conditions as long as the series gate resistance (r g ) is near the mini - mum recommended value for the module being used. the 3s delay is appropriate for most applications so adjustment will not be necessary. however, in some low frequency applications it may be desirable to use a larger series gate resistor to slow the switching of the igbt, reduce noise, and limit turn-off transient gate drive igbt module and input v+ d1 v trip c e g e r g delay t trip compare shutdown + figure 1. desaturation detector
VLA500-01 hybrid ic igbt gate driver + dc/dc converter powerex, inc., 200 e. hillis street, youngwood, pennsylvania 15697-1800 (724) 925-7272 7 rev. 2/08 voltages. when r g is increased, the switching delay time of the igbt will also increase. if the delay be - comes long enough so that the voltage on the detect pin 30 is greater than v sc at the end of the t trip delay the driver will erroneously indicate that a short circuit has occurred. to avoid this condition the VLA500-01 has provisions for extending the t trip delay by connecting a capacitor (c trip ) between pin 29 and v ee (pins 21 and 22). a curve showing the effect of adding c trip on time is given in the characteristic data section of this data sheet. the waveform defning trip time (t trip ) is shown in figure 3. if t trip is extended care must be exercised not to exceed the short-circuit withstanding capability of the igbt module. normally this will be satisfed for powerex nf and a-series igbt modules as long as the total shut-down time does not exceed 10s. adjustment of soft shutdown speed as noted above the VLA500-01 provides a soft turn-off when a short circuit is detected in order to help limit the transient voltage surge that occurs when large short circuit currents are interrupted. the default shutdown speed will work for most applications so adjustment is usually not necessary. in this case c s can be omitted. in some applications using large modules or parallel connected devices it may be helpful to make the shut - down even softer. this can be accomplished by connecting a capacitor (c s ) at pin 27. a curve showing the effect of c s on short circuit fall time (t 1 , t 2 ) is given in the characteristic data section of this data sheet. the waveform defning the fall time characteristics is shown in figure 3. no start is v ce > v sc is v ce > v sc is input signal on slow shutdown disable output set fault signal wait t timer is input signal off yes no delay t trip yes yes yes yes yes no no clear fault signal enable output figure 2. VLA500-01 desaturation detector 10% 50% -5v 90% t 1 10v 10v t timer t tr ip v o (pin 23) fa ul t signal (pin 28) shor t circuit pr o tection timing dia gram (pin 30 open) t 2 figure 3. adjustment of t trip and slow shutdown speed
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