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? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 1 benefts ? -55c to +85c operating temperature range ? pb-free and rohs compliant ? temperature stable dielectric ? eia 0201, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, and 1210 case sizes ? dc voltage ratings of 4 v, 6.3 v, 10 v, 16 v, 25 v, 35 v, and 50 v ? capacitance offerings ranging from 0.01 f to 100 f ? available capacitance tolerances of 10% and 20% ? non-polar device, minimizing installation concerns ? 100% pure matte tin-plated termination fnish allowing for excellent solderability applications typical applications include decoupling, bypass, and fltering. overview kemets x5r dielectric features an 85c maximum operating temperature and is considered semi-stable. the electronics components, assemblies & materials association (eia) characterizes x5r dielectric as a class ii material. components of this classifcation are fxed, ceramic dielectric capacitors suited for bypass and decoupling applications or for frequency discriminating circuits where q and stability of capacitance characteristics are not critical. x5r exhibits a predictable change in capacitance with respect to time and voltage and boasts a minimal change in capacitance with reference to ambient temperature. capacitance change is limited to 15% from -55c to +85c. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ordering information c 1206 c 107 m 9 p a c tu ceramic case size (l" x w") specifcation/ series capacitance code (pf) capacitance tolerance voltage dielectric failure rate/ design termination finish 1 packaging/grade (cCspec) 2 0201 0402 0603 0805 1206 1210 c = standard 2 signifcant digits + number of zeros k = 10% m = 20% 7 = 4 v 9 = 6.3 v 8 = 10 v 4 = 16 v 3 = 25 v 6 = 35 v 5 = 50 v p = x5r a = n/a c = 100% matte sn blank = bulk tu = 7" reel unmarked tm = 7" reel marked 1 additional termination fnish options may be available. contact kemet for details. 2 additional reeling or packaging options may be available. contact kemet for details. one world. one kemet
? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 2 dimensions C millimeters (inches) ceramic surface mount w l t b s 100% tin or snpb plate nickel plate conductive metalization electrodes eia size code metric size code l length w width t thickness b bandwidth s suwl llpxp xwl kltx 0201 0603 0.60 (.024) 0.03 (.001) 0.30 (.012) 0.03 (.001) see table 2 for thickness 0.15 (.006) 0.05 (.002) n/a solder refow only 0402 1005 1.00 (.040) 0.05 (.002) 0.50 (.020) 0.05 (.002) 0.30 (.012) 0.10 (.004) 0.30 (.012) 0603 1608 1.60 (.063) 0.15 (.006) 0.80 (.032) 0.15 (.006) 0.35 (.014) 0.15 (.006) 0.70 (.028) solder wave or solder refow 0805 2012 2.00 (.079) 0.20 (.008) 1.25 (.049) 0.20 (.008) 0.50 (0.02) 0.25 (.010) 0.75 (.030) 1206 3216 3.20 (.126) 0.20 (.008) 1.60 (.063) 0.20 (.008) 0.50 (0.02) 0.25 (.010) n/a 1210 1 3225 3.20 (.126) 0.20 (.008) 2.50 (.098) 0.20 (.008) 0.50 (0.02) 0.25 (.010) solder refow only for capacitance values 22 f add 0.10 (0.004) to the length and width tolerance dimension and add 0.15 (0.006) to the positive bandwidth tolerance dimension. qualifcation/certifcation commercial grade products are subject to internal qualifcation. details regarding test methods and conditions are referenced in table 4, performance & reliability. environmental compliance pb-free and rohs compliant. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 3 electrical parameters/characteristics item parameters/characteristics operating temperature range -55c to +85c capacitance change with reference to +25c and 0 vdc applied (tcc) 15% aging rate (maximum % capacitance loss/decade hour) 4.0% dielectric withstanding voltage (dwv) 250% of rated voltage (5 1 seconds and charge/discharge not exceeding 50 ma) dissipation factor (df) maximum limit @ 25oc see dissipation factor limit table insulation resistance (ir) limit @ 25c see insulation resistance limit table (rated voltage applied for 120 5 seconds @ 25c) regarding aging rate: capacitance measurements (including tolerance) are indexed to a referee time of 48 or 1,000 hours. please refer to a part number specifc datasheet for referee time details. to obtain ir limit, divide m-f value by the capacitance and compare to g limit. select the lower of the two limits. capacitance and dissipation factor (df) measured under the following conditions: 1 khz 50 hz and 1.0 0.2 vrms if capacitance 10 f 120 hz 10 hz and 0.5 0.1 vrms if capacitance > 10 f note: when measuring capacitance it is important to ensure the set voltage level is held constant. the hp4284 and agilent e4980 have a feature known as automatic level control (alc). the alc feature should be switched to "on." post environmental limits high temperature life, biased humidity, moisture resistance dielectric rated dc voltage capacitance value dissipation factor (maximum %) capacitance shift insulation resistance x5r > 25 all 3.0 20% 10% of initial limit 25 7.5 < 25 < 0.56 f 7.5 < 25 0.56 f 12.0 dissipation factor limit table rated dc voltage capacitance dissipation factor 50 C 200 v all 3% 25 v all 5% < 25 v < 0.56 f 5% < 25 v 0.56 f 10% surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 4 insulation resistance limit table eia case size 1,000 megohm microfarads or 100 g 500 megohm microfarads or 10 g 0201 n/a all 0402 < 0.012 f 0.012 f 0603 < 0.047 f 0.047 f 0805 < 0.047 f 0.047 f 1206 < 0.22 f 0.22 f 1210 < 0.39 f 0.39 f surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 5 table 1 C capacitance range/selection waterfall (1005 C 1210 case sizes) cap cap code case size / series c0201c c0402c c0603c c0805c c1206c c1210c voltage code 7 9 8 4 7 9 8 4 3 5 7 9 8 4 3 5 7 9 8 4 3 5 9 8 4 3 5 9 8 4 3 6 5 rated voltage (vdc) 4 6.3 10 16 4 6.3 10 16 25 25 50 4 6.3 10 16 25 25 25 35 50 cap tolerance product availability and chip thickness codes C see table 2 for chip thickness dimensions 10,000 pf 103 k m ab ab ab ab bb bb bb bb 12,000 pf 123 k m bb bb bb bb 15,000 pf 153 k m bb bb bb bb 18,000 pf 183 k m bb bb bb bb 22,000 pf 223 k m bb bb bb bb 27,000 pf 273 k m bb bb bb bb 33,000 pf 333 k m bb bb bb bb 39,000 pf 393 k m bb bb bb bb 47,000 pf 473 k m bb bb bb bb 56,000 pf 563 k m bb bb bb bb 68,000 pf 683 k m bb bb bb bb 82,000 pf 823 k m bb bb bb bb 0.10 f 104 k m ab ab bb bb bb bb 0.22 f 224 k m bb bb 0.27 f 274 k m cc cc cc cc eb eb eb eb 0.33 f 334 k m cc cc cc cc eb eb eb eb 0.39 f 394 k m cc cc cc cc eb eb eb eb fd fd fd fd fd 0.47 f 474 k m bb bb cc cc cc cc dc dc dc dc dc ec ec ec ec fd fd fd fd fd 0.56 f 564 k m cc cc cc cc dd dd dd dd dd ed ed ed ed fd fd fd fd fd 0.68 f 684 k m cc cc cc cc de de de de de ee ee ee ee fd fd fd fd fd 0.82 f 824 k m cc cc cc cc df df df df df ef ef ef ef ff ff ff ff ff 1.0 f 105 k m bb bb bb cc cc cc cc cc dg dg dg dg dg dg ef ef ef eg fh fh fh fh fh fh 1.2 f 125 k m dc dc dc dc ec ec ec ec fd fd fd fd 1.5 f 155 k m dc dc dc dc ec ec ec ec fd fd fd fd 1.8 f 185 k m dd dd dd dd ec ec ec ec fd fd fd fd 2.2 f 225 k m bb1 bb1 bb1 cc cc cc cc dg dg dg dg ec ec ec ec fj fj fj fj 2.7 f 275 k m dl dl dl dl ef ef ef ef fg fg fg fg 3.3 f 335 k m bb1 cc1 cc1 dl dl dl dg eh eh eh eh fh fh fh fh 3.9 f 395 k m dg dg dg dg ed ed ed ed fj fj fj fj 4.7 f 475 k m bc1 cc cc cc dg dg dh dh dg eh eh eh eh eh ft ft ft ft 5.6 f 565 k m dg dg dg ek ek eh fg fg fg fe 6.8 f 685 k m dg dg dg ek ek eh fj fj fj fj 8.2 f 825 k m ed ed eh fk fk fk fg 10 f 106 k m cc1 cc1 dg dg dg dg eh eh eh eh ft ft ft ft ft1 12 f 126 k m fd1 fd fg 15 f 156 k m ff ff fg 18 f 186 k m fg fg fh 22 f 226 k m dg1 dg1 eh eh1 fs fs fs fs1 47 f 476 k m dh1 dg1 eh1 eh1 fs1 fs1 fs1 100 f 107 k m eh1 fs1 fs1 fs1 cap cap code rated voltage (vdc) 4 6.3 10 16 4 6.3 10 16 25 25 50 4 6.3 10 16 25 25 25 35 50 voltage code 7 9 8 4 7 9 8 3 5 4 7 9 8 4 3 5 7 9 8 4 3 5 9 8 4 3 5 9 8 4 3 6 5 case size / series c0201c c0402c c0603c c0805c c1206c c1210c xx1 available only in m tolerance. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 6 table 2 C chip thickness/packaging quantities thickness code case size thickness range (mm) paper quantity plastic quantity 7" reel 13" reel 7" reel 13" reel ab 0201 0.30 0.03 15,000 0 0 0 bb 0402 0.50 0.05 10,000 50,000 0 0 bc 0402 0.50 0.10 10,000 50,000 0 0 cc 0603 0.80 0.10 4,000 10,000 0 0 dc 0805 0.78 0.10 4,000 10,000 0 0 dd 0805 0.90 0.10 4,000 10,000 0 0 dl 0805 0.95 0.10 0 0 4,000 10,000 de 0805 1.00 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 df 0805 1.10 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 dg 0805 1.25 0.15 0 0 2,500 10,000 dh 0805 1.25 0.20 0 0 2,500 10,000 eb 1206 0.78 0.10 4,000 10,000 4,000 10,000 ek 1206 0.80 0.10 0 0 2,000 8,000 ec 1206 0.90 0.10 0 0 4,000 10,000 ed 1206 1.00 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 ee 1206 1.10 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 ef 1206 1.20 0.15 0 0 2,500 10,000 eg 1206 1.60 0.15 0 0 2,000 8,000 eh 1206 1.60 0.20 0 0 2,000 8,000 fd 1210 0.95 0.10 0 0 4,000 10,000 fe 1210 1.00 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 ff 1210 1.10 0.10 0 0 2,500 10,000 fg 1210 1.25 0.15 0 0 2,500 10,000 fh 1210 1.55 0.15 0 0 2,000 8,000 fj 1210 1.85 0.20 0 0 2,000 8,000 ft 1210 1.90 0.20 0 0 1,500 4,000 fk 1210 2.10 0.20 0 0 2,000 8,000 fs 1210 2.50 0.30 0 0 1,000 4,000 7kfnhvv code case size thickness range (mm) 7" reel 13" reel 7" reel 13" reel paper quantity plastic quantity package quantity based on fnished chip thickness specifcations. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 7 table 3 C chip capacitor land pattern design recommendations per ipcC7351 eia size code metric size code density level a: maximum (most) land protrusion (mm) density level b: median (nominal) land protrusion (mm) density level c: minimum (least) land protrusion (mm) c y x 9 9 y x 9 9 y x 9 9 0201 0603 0.38 0.56 0.52 1.80 1.00 0.33 0.46 0.42 1.50 0.80 0.28 0.36 0.32 1.20 0.60 0402 1005 0.50 0.72 0.72 2.20 1.20 0.45 0.62 0.62 1.90 1.00 0.40 0.52 0.52 1.60 0.80 0603 1608 0.90 1.15 1.10 4.00 2.10 0.80 0.95 1.00 3.10 1.50 0.60 0.75 0.90 2.40 1.20 0805 2012 1.00 1.35 1.55 4.40 2.60 0.90 1.15 1.45 3.50 2.00 0.75 0.95 1.35 2.80 1.70 1206 3216 1.60 1.35 1.90 5.60 2.90 1.50 1.15 1.80 4.70 2.30 1.40 0.95 1.70 4.00 2.00 1210 3225 1.60 1.35 2.80 5.65 3.80 1.50 1.15 2.70 4.70 3.20 1.40 0.95 2.60 4.00 2.90 1210 1 3225 1.50 1.60 2.90 5.60 3.90 1.40 1.40 2.80 4.70 3.30 1.30 1.20 2.70 4.00 3.00 1 only for capacitance values 22 f density level a: for low-density product applications. recommended for wave solder applications and provides a wider process window for refow solder processes. kemet only recommends wave soldering of eia 0603, 0805 and 1206 case sizes. density level b: for products with a moderate level of component density. provides a robust solder attachment condition for refow solder processes. density level c: for high component density product applications. before adapting the minimum land pattern variations the user should perform qualifcation testing based on the conditions outlined in ipc standard 7351 (ipcC7351). soldering process recommended soldering technique: ? solder wave or solder refow for eia case sizes 0603, 0805 and 1206 ? all other eia case sizes are limited to solder refow only recommended soldering profle: ? kemet recommends following the guidelines outlined in ipc/jedec jCstdC020 surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 8 table 4 C performance & reliability: test methods and conditions stress reference test or inspection method terminal strength jisCcC6429 appendix 1, note: force of 1.8 kg for 60 seconds. board flex jisCcC6429 appendix 2, note: standard termination system C 2.0 mm (minimum) for all except 3 mm for c0g. flexible termination system C 3.0 mm (minimum). solderability jCstdC002 magnifcation 50 x. conditions: a) method b, 4 hours @ 155c, dry heat @ 235c b) method b @ 215c category 3 c) method d, category 3 @ 260c temperature cycling jesd22 method jaC104 1,000 cycles (-55c to +125c). measurement at 24 hours +/- 2 hours after test conclusion. biased humidity milCstdC202 method 103 load humidity: 1,000 hours 85c/85% rh and rated voltage. add 100 k ohm resistor. measurement at 24 hours +/- 2 hours after test conclusion. low volt humidity: 1,000 hours 85c/85% rh and 1.5 v. add 100 k ohm resistor. measurement at 24 hours +/- 2 hours after test conclusion. moisture resistance milCstdC202 method 106 t = 24 hours/cycle. steps 7a and 7b not required. unpowered. measurement at 24 hours +/- 2 hours after test conclusion. thermal shock milCstdC202 method 107 -55c/+125c. note: number of cycles required C 300, maximum transfer time C 20 seconds, dwell time C 15 minutes. air C air. +jk 7hpshudxuh /ih 0,/67 0hkrg /eiaC198 krxuv d & & iru 5 =8 dg <9 zk udhg rodjh dssohg 6rudjh /ih 0,/67 0hkrg & 9& iru krxuv vibration milCstdC202 method 204 5 g's for 20 min., 12 cycles each of 3 orientations. note: use 8" x 5" pcb 0.031" thick 7 secure points on one long side and 2 secure points at corners of opposite sides. parts mounted within 2" from any secure point. test from 10 C 2,000 hz 0hfkdfdo 6krfn 0,/67 0hkrg )jxuh ri 0hkrg &rgr ) resistance to solvents milCstdC202 method 215 add aqueous wash chemical, okem clean or equivalent. storage and handling ceramic chip capacitors should be stored in normal working environments. while the chips themselves are quite robust in other environments, solderability will be degraded by exposure to high temperatures, high humidity, corrosive atmospheres, and long term storage. in addition, packaging materials will be degraded by high temperatureC reels may soften or warp and tape peel force may increase. kemet recommends that maximum storage temperature not exceed 40oc and maximum storage humidity not exceed 70% relative humidity. temperature fuctuations should be minimized to avoid condensation on the parts and atmospheres should be free of chlorine and sulfur bearing compounds. for optimized solderability chip stock should be used promptly, preferably within 1.5 years of receipt. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 9 construction reference item material a termination system finish 100% matte sn b barrier layer ni c base metal cu d inner electrode ni e dielectric material batio 3 note: image is exaggerated in order to clearly identify all components of construction. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 10 capacitor marking (optional): these surface mount multilayer ceramic capacitors are normally supplied unmarked. if required, they can be marked as an extra cost option. marking is available on most kemet devices but must be requested using the correct ordering code identif er(s). if this option is requested, two sides of the ceramic body will be laser marked with a k to identify kemet, followed by two characters (per eiaC198 - see table below) to identify the capacitance value. eia 0603 case size devices are limited to the k character only. laser marking option is not available on: ? c0g, ultra stable x8r and y5v dielectric devices ? eia 0402 case size devices ? eia 0603 case size devices with flexible termination option. ? kps commercial and automotive grade stacked devices. marking appears in legible contrast. illustrated below is an example of an mlcc with laser marking of ka8, which designates a kemet device with rated capacitance of 100 f. orientation of marking is vendor optional. _ ka8 capacitance (pf) for various alpha/numeral identif ers alpha character numeral 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 &dsdfdfhs) a 0.1 1 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 b 0.11 1.1 11 110 1,100 11,000 110,000 1,100,000 11,000,000 110,000,000 c 0.12 1 2 12 120 1,200 12,000 120,000 1,200,000 12,000,000 120,000,000 d 0.13 1 3 13 130 1,300 13,000 130,000 1,300,000 13,000,000 130,000,000 e 0.15 1 5 15 150 1,500 15,000 150,000 1,500,000 15,000,000 150,000,000 f 0.16 1 6 16 160 1,600 16,000 160,000 1,600,000 16,000,000 160,000,000 g 0.18 1 8 18 180 1,800 18,000 180,000 1,800,000 18,000,000 180,000,000 h 0.2 2 0 20 200 2,000 20,000 200,000 2,000,000 20,000,000 200,000,000 j 0.22 2 2 22 220 2,200 22,000 220,000 2,200,000 22,000,000 220,000,000 k 0.24 2.4 24 240 2,400 24,000 240,000 2,400,000 24,000,000 240,000,000 l q w y 0.82 8 2 82 820 8,200 82,000 820,000 8,200,000 82,000,000 820,000,000 z 0.91 9.1 91 910 9,100 91,000 910,000 9,100,000 91,000,000 910,000,000 a 0.25 2 5 25 250 2,500 25,000 250,000 2,500,000 25,000,000 250,000,000 b 0.35 3 5 35 350 3,500 35,000 350,000 3,500,000 35,000,000 350,000,000 d 0.4 4 0 40 400 4,000 40,000 400,000 4,000,000 40,000,000 400,000,000 e 0.45 4 5 45 450 4,500 45,000 450,000 4,500,000 45,000,000 450,000,000 f 0.5 5 0 50 500 5,000 50,000 500,000 5,000,000 50,000,000 500,000,000 m 0.6 6 0 60 600 6,000 60,000 600,000 6,000,000 60,000,000 600,000,000 n 0.7 7 0 70 700 7,000 70,000 700,000 7,000,000 70,000,000 700,000,000 t 0.8 8 0 80 800 8,000 80,000 800,000 8,000,000 80,000,000 800,000,000 y 0.9 9 0 90 900 9,000 90,000 900,000 9,000,000 90,000,000 900,000,000 surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 11 tape & reel packaging information kemet offers multilayer ceramic chip capacitors packaged in 8, 12 and 16 mm tape on 7" and 13" reels in accordance with eia standard 481. this packaging system is compatible with all tape-fed automatic pick and place systems. see table 2 for details on reeling quantities for commercial chips. 8 mm, 12 mm or 16 mm carrier tape 178 mm (7.00") or 330 mm (13.00") anti-static reel embossed plastic* or punched paper carrier. embossment or punched cavity anti-static co v er t ape (.10 mm (.004") maximum thic kness) chip and kps or ientation in p oc k et (e xcept 1825 commercial, and 1825 and 2225 milita r y) *eia 01005, 0201, 0402 and 0603 case sizes available on punched paper carrier only. kemet ? bar code label sprocket holes table 5 C carrier tape conf guration C embossed plastic & punched paper (mm) eia case size tape size (w)* pitch (p )* 01005 C 0402 8 2 0603 C 1210 8 4 1805 C 1808 12 4 1812 12 8 kps 1210 12 8 kps 1812 & 2220 16 12 array 0508 & 0612 8 4 *refer to figures 1 & 2 for w and p carrier tape reference locations. *refer to tables 6 & 7 for tolerance specif cations. surface mount multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (smd mlccs) C x5r dielectric, 4 C 50 vdc (commercial grade) ? kemet electronics corporation ? p.o. box 5928 ? greenville, sc 29606 (864) 963-6300 ? www.kemet.com c1006_x5r_smd ? 12/19/2013 12 figure 1 C embossed (plastic) carrier tape dimensions p o t f w c en t er li n e s of cav i t y a o b o u s e r d i r e c t i o n o f u n r e elin g c ov er t ap e k o b 1 i s f or t ap e f e ed er r e f e r ence onl y, i ncl u di ng dr a ft con c en t r i c a bou t b o . t 2 ? d 1 ? d o b 1 s 1 t 1 e 1 e 2 p 1 p 2 e m b os s m e nt f or c a v i t y s i z e , s e e n o t e 1 t a b l e 4 [ 1 0 p i t c h e s c um u l at i v e t ol er a n c e o n t a p e 0. 2 m m ] 7 d e o h 2 ( p e r v v h g 3 o d v w l f & |