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alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 1/42 alq isolated dc/dc converter module industry standard quarter brick : 36~75v input, 1.2v, 1.5v, 1.8v, 2.5v and 3.3v single output industry standard quarter brick : 2.28?x 1.45?? x 0.38?? options choice of positive logic or negative logic for cnt function choice of short pins or long pins description the alq series is a new open frame dc-dc converter for optimum efficiency and power density. the alq series provide up to 40a output current in an industry standard quarter brick, which makes it an ideal choice for small space, high current and low voltage applications. the alq series uses an industry standard quarter brick: 57.9mm x 36.8mm x 9.60mm (2.28?x1.45?x0.38?) and standard pinout configuration, provides cnt and trim functions. alq series can provide 3.3v@35a, 2.5v@40a, 1.8v@40a, 1.5v@40a and 1.2v@40a single output, outputs are isolated from inputs. the series can achieve ultra high efficiency, for most applications a heat sink is not required. features delivers up to 40a output current industry standard quarter brick 57.9mm x 36.8mm x 9.60mm 2.28 ? x 1.45 ?? x 0.38?? basic isolation ultra high efficiency improved thermal performance: 28a at 55oc at 1ms-1 200lfm for 3.3vo high power density low output noise industry standard pinout 2:1 wide input voltage of 36-75v cnt function remote sense trim function: +10%/-20% input under-voltage lockout output over-current protection output over-voltage protection over-temperature protection
2 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 2/42 contents o ptions ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 1 d escription ............................................................................................................................... .................. 1 module numbering ............................................................................................................... ............... 4 electrical specifications...................................................................................................... ........ 5 i nput s pecifications ............................................................................................................................... ... 5 a bsolute m aximum r at i n g s .................................................................................................................... 6 o utput s pecifications ............................................................................................................................... 7 o utput s pecifications (c ont ) .................................................................................................................. 8 o utput s pecifications (c ont ) .................................................................................................................. 9 f eature s pecifications ............................................................................................................................. 9 characteristic curves.......................................................................................................... ......... 10 p erformance c urves ? e fficiency ........................................................................................................ 10 p erformance c urves ? o utput p erformance c urves ........................................................................11 p erformance c urves ? o utput p erformance c urves ....................................................................... 13 p erformance c urves ? t ransient r esponse ....................................................................................... 14 p erformance c urves ? t ransient r esponse (c ont ) .......................................................................... 15 p erformance c urves ? t ransient r esponse (c ont ) ........................................................................... 16 p erformance c urves ? t ransient r esponse (c ont ) .......................................................................... 17 p erformance c urves ? s tartup c haracteristics .............................................................................. 18 p erformance c urves ? s tartup from cnt c ontrol ......................................................................... 19 feature description ............................................................................................................ ............. 20 cnt f unction ............................................................................................................................... ............ 20 r emote s ense ............................................................................................................................... ............. 21 t rim ............................................................................................................................... ............................. 22 m inimum l oad r equirements ................................................................................................................ 23 o utput o ver - current p rotection ....................................................................................................... 24 o utput c apacitance ............................................................................................................................... . 24 d ecoupling ............................................................................................................................... ................ 25 g round l oops ............................................................................................................................... ............ 25 o utput o ver -v oltage p rotection ....................................................................................................... 26 o ver -t emperature p rotection ............................................................................................................. 26 design consideration ........................................................................................................... ........... 27 t ypical a pplication ............................................................................................................................... . 27 f using ............................................................................................................................... ......................... 28 i nput r everse v oltage p rotection ...................................................................................................... 28 emc............................................................................................................................ ................................ 29
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 3/42 s afety c onsideration ............................................................................................................................. 30 thermal consideration .......................................................................................................... ....... 31 t echnologies ............................................................................................................................... ............. 31 b asic t hermal m anagement ................................................................................................................. 31 m odule d erating ............................................................................................................................... ...... 34 mtbf ........................................................................................................................... .................................. 40 mechanical considerations...................................................................................................... .. 40 i nstallation ............................................................................................................................... ............... 40 s oldering ............................................................................................................................... ................... 40 mechanical chart (pin side view)............................................................................................. 41 ordering information........................................................................................................... .......... 42
4 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 4/42 module numbering alq 35 f 48 n - 7 ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 explanation: 1 low profile (open frame, no case-isolated) 2 quarter brick 3 output current: 35=35amps 4 output voltage: f=3.3v; g=2.5v; y=1.8v; m=1.5v; k=1.2v 5 input voltage: 48=36~75v 6 cnt logic: n negative logic, omit for positive logic 7 pin length: omit for 4.8 mm 0.5mm (0.189in. 0.02in.) 6=3.80mm 0.25mm(0.150in. 0.010in.) 8=2.80mm 0.25mm(0.110in. 0.010in.) 7=5.8 mm 0.5mm (0.228in. 0.02in.)
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 5/42 electrical specifications unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage and temperature conditions. standard test condition on a single unit is as following: tc (board): 25 c +vin: 48v +/ ? 2% ? vin: return pin for +vin cnt: connect to -vin +vout: connect to load ? vout: connect to load (return) +sense: connect to +vout -sense: connect to -vout trim(vadj): open input specifications parameter device symbol min typ max unit operating input voltage all v i 36 48 75 v dc maximum input current (v i = 0 to v i,max , io = io,max) all i i,max - - 4.5 a input reflected-ripple current ( 5hz to 20mhz: 12uh source impedance: t a = 25 oc.) all i i - - 20 map-p supply voltage rejection (1khz) all - 50 - - db caution: this power module is not internally fused. an input line fuse must always be used.
6 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 6/42 absolute maximum ratings stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. these are absolute stress ratings only. functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of the ips. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. parameter device symbol min typ max unit input voltage: continuous: transient (100ms) all all v i v i, trans 0 0 - - 75 100 vdc vdc operating ambient temperature see thermal consideration all ta -40 - 55 oc operating board temperature all tc - - 100 oc storage temperature all t stg -55 - 125 oc operating humidity all - - - 85 % basic isolation (conditions: 50 a for 5 sec, slew rate of 1500v/10sec) input-output all - - - 1500 vdc output power 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v po,max po,max po,max po,max po,max - - - - - - - - - - 115.5 100 72 60 48 w w w w w
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 7/42 output specifications parameter device symbol min typ max unit output ripple and noise (across 1 f @10v, x7r ceramic capacitor & 1000 f @10v low esr aluminum capacitor) peak-to-peak (5 hz to 20 mhz) 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 120 100 100 100 80 mvp-p mvp-p mvp-p mvp-p mvp-p external load capacitance all - - - 15000 f output voltage setpoint (v i = v i,min to v i,max : io = io,max; ta = 25 oc ) 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v v o,set v o,set v o,set v o,set v o,set 3.25 2.46 1.77 1.48 1.18 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 3.35 2.54 1.83 1.52 1.22 vdc vdc vdc vdc vdc output regulation: line (v i,min to v i,max ) load (io = io,min to io,max) temperature (tc = -40 oc to +100oc) all all all - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.2 - - 0.3 0.5 0.02 % % %vo/oc rated output current 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v io io io io io 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - 35 40 40 40 40 a a a a a output current-limit inception ( hiccup ) 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v io io io io io 38.5 44 44 44 44 - - - - 49 56 56 56 56 a a a a a efficiency (v i = v i,nom ; i o,max ; t a = 25 c) 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v - - - - - 88 86.5 85 84 83 90 88.5 87 86 85 - - - - - % % % % %
8 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 8/42 output specifications (cont) parameter device symbol min typ max unit dynamic response : ( ? io/ ? t = 1a/10 s ; v i = v i,nom ; ta = 25 c) load change from io = 50% to 75% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 75% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 25% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 25% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) 3.3v (2.5v 1.8v) 1.5v 1.2v 3.3v (2.5v 1.8v) 1.5v 1.2v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 400 6 400 5 400 6 400 %vo sec %vo sec %vo sec %vo sec dynamic response: ( ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ; v i = v i,nom ; ta = 25 c additional 220 f load capacitor ) load change from io = 50% to 75% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 75% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 25% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) load change from io = 50% to 25% of io,max :peak deviation settling time (to v o,nom ) 3.3v (2.5v 1.8v 1.5v) 1.2v 3.3v (2.5v 1.8v 1.5v) 1.2v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 200 400 180 400 200 400 180 400 mv sec mv sec mv sec mv sec
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 9/42 output specifications (cont) parameter device symbol min typ max unit turn-on time (io = io,max ; vo within 1%) all - - - 20 msec output voltage overshoot (io = io,max ; t a = 25 c) all - - - 5 %vo switching frequency all - 200 khz feature specifications parameter device symbol min typ max unit enable pin voltage: logic low logic high enable pin current: logic low logic high (leakage current, @10v) all all all all -0.7 3.5 - - - - - - 1.2 12 1.0 - v v ma a output voltage adjustment range all - 80 - 110 %vo output over-voltage (hiccup) 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v vo clamp vo clamp vo clamp vo clamp vo clamp 3.75 3.00 2.20 1.80 1.40 - - - - - 5.00 3.80 3.00 2.50 2.00 v v v v v under-voltage lockout turn-on point turn-off point all all - - 31 30 34 33 36 35 v v isolation capacitance all - - 1000 - pf isolation resistance all - 10 - - m ? calculated mtbf (io = io,max ; tc = 25 c) all - - 2,000, 000 - hours weight all - - - 60 g(oz.)
10 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 10/42 characteristic curves performance curves ? efficiency typical efficiency alq-35f48n typical efficiency alq-40g48n typical efficiency alq-40y48n
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 11/42 typical efficiency alq-40m48n typical efficiency alq-40k48n performance curves ? output performance curves 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 output current a output voltage v 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 output current a output voltage v alq-35f48n typical output over-current curves alq-40g48n typical output over-current curves
12 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 12/42 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 output current a output voltage v 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 output current a output voltage v alq-40y48n typical output over-current curves alq-40m48n typical output over-current curves 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 output current a output voltage v alq-40k48n typical output over-current curves
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 13/42 performance curves ? output performance curves alq-35f48n typical output ripple voltage alq-40g48n typical output ripple voltage room temperature, io = io,max room temperature, io = io,max alq-40y48n typical output ripple voltage alq-40m48n typical output ripple, voltage room temperature, io = io,max room temperature, io = io,max alq-40k48n typical output ripple voltage room temperature, io = io,max
14 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 14/42 performance curves ? transient response alq-35f48n typical transient response to alq-35f48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s alq-40g48n typical transient response to alq-40g48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s alq-40y48n typical transient response to alq-40y48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 15/42 performance curves ? transient response (cont) alq-40m48n typical transient response to alq-40m48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s alq-40k48n typical transient response to alq-40k48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 0.1a/1 s
16 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 16/42 performance curves ? transient response(cont) alq-35f48n typical transient response to alq-35f48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s alq-40g48n typical transient response to alq-40g48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s alq-40y48n typical transient response to alq-40y48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 17/42 performance curves ? transient response (cont) alq-40m48n typical transient response to alq-40m48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s alq-40k48n typical transient response to alq-40k48n typical transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input of full load, room temperature, 48vdc input ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s ? io/ ? t = 1a/1 s
18 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 18/42 performance curves ? startup characteristics alq-35f48n typical start-up from power on alq-40g48n typical start-up from power on alq-40y48n typical start-up from power on alq-40m48n typical start-up from power on alq-40k48n typical start-up from power on
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 19/42 performance curves ? startup from cnt control alq-35f48n typical start-up from cnt on alq-40g48n typical start-up from cnt on alq-40y48n typical start-up from cnt on alq-40m48n typical start-up from cnt on alq-40k48n typical start-up from cnt on
20 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 20/42 feature description cnt function two cnt logic options are available. the cnt logic, cnt voltage and the module working state are as the following table 1. l h open n on off off p off on on table 1 n--- means ?negative logic? p--- means ?positive logic? l--- means ?low voltage?, -0.7v l 1.2v h--- means ?high voltage?, 3.5v h 12v on--- means ?module is on?, off--- means ?module is off? open--- means ?cnt pin is left open ? note: normally, v cnt 12v. the following figure shows a few simple cnt circuits.
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 21/42 remote sense the alq converter can remotely sense both lines of its output which moves the effective output voltage regulation point from the output terminals of the unit to the point of connection of the remote sense pins. this feature automatically adjusts the real output voltage of the alq in order to compensate for voltage drops in distribution and maintain a regulated voltage at the point of load. when the converter is supporting loads far away, or is used with undersized cabling, significant voltage drop can occur at the load. the best defense against such drops is to locate the load close to the converter and to ensure adequately sized cabling is used. when this is not possible, the converter can compensate for a drop of up to 10%vo, through use of the sense leads. when used, the + sense and - sense leads should be connected from the converter to the point of load as shown in figure 1, using twisted pair wire, or parallel pattern to reduce noise effect. the converter will then regulate its output voltage at the point where the leads are connected. care should be taken not to reverse the sense leads. if reversed, the converter will trigger ovp protection . when not used, the +sense lead must be connected with +vo, and -sense with -vo. although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. note that at elevated output voltages the maximum power rating of the module remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. fig. 1 sense connections
22 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 22/42 trim the +vo output voltage of the alq series can be trimmed using the trim pin provided. applying a resistor to the trim pin through a voltage divider from the output will cause the +vo output to increase by up to 10%or decrease by up to 20%. trimming up by more than 10% of the nominal output may activate the ovp circuit or damage the converter. trimming down more than 20% can cause the converter to regulate improperly. if the trim pin is not needed, it should be left open. trim up with an external resistor connected between the trim and +sense pins, the output voltage set point increases (see figure 2). fig.2 trim up circuit the following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. for output voltage: 1.5v ? 3.3v () ) ( 2 . 10 % 510 % 225 . 1 % 100 1 . 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? + = ? k v r o up adj for output voltage: 1.2v () ) ( 2 . 10 % 510 % 6 . 0 % 100 1 . 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? + = ? k v r o up adj trim down with an external resistor between the trim and -sense pins, the output voltage set point decreases (see figure 3).
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 23/42 fig.3 trim down circuit the following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. for output voltage: 1.2v ? 3.3v ) ( 2 . 10 % 510 ? ? ? = ? k r down adj although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. note that at elevated output voltages the maximum power rating of the module remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. minimum load requirements there is no minimum load requirement for the alq series modules. parameter device symbol typ unit minimum load 3.3v 2.5v 1.8v 1.5v 1.2v i min i min i min i min i min 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a
24 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 24/42 output over-current protection alq series dc/dc converters feature foldback current limiting as part of their over-current protection (ocp) circuits. when output current exceeds 110 to 140% of rated current, such as during a short circuit condition, the module will work on intermittent mode, also can tolerate short circuit conditions indefinitely. when the over-current condition is removed, the converter will automatically restart. output capacitance high output current transient rate of change (high di/dt) loads may require high values of output capacitance to supply the instantaneous energy requirement to the load. to minimize the output voltage transient drop during this transient, low e.s.r. (equivalent series resistance) capacitors may be required, since a high e.s.r. will produce a correspondingly higher voltage drop during the current transient. when the load is sensitive to ripple and noise, an output filter can be added to minimize the effects. a simple output filter to reduce output ripple and noise can be made by connecting a capacitor c1 across the output as shown in figure 4. the recommended value for the output capacitor c1 is 1000 f fig.4 output ripple filter extra care should be taken when long leads or traces are used to provide power to the load. long lead lengths increase the chance for noise to appear on the lines. under these conditions c2 can be added across the load, with a 1 f ceramic capacitor c3 in parallel generally as shown in figure 5. fig.5 output ripple filter for a distant load
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 25/42 decoupling noise on the power distribution system is not always created by the converter. high speed analog or digital loads with dynamic power demands can cause noise to cross the power inductor back onto the input lines. noise can be reduced by decoupling the load. in most cases, connecting a 10 f tantalum or ceramic capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 f ceramic capacitor across the load will decouple it. the capacitors should be connected as close to the load as possible. ground loops ground loops occur when different circuits are given multiple paths to common or earth ground, as shown in figure 6. multiple ground points can slightly different potential and cause current flow through the circuit from one point to another. this can result in additional noise in all the circuits. to eliminate the problem, circuits should be designed with a single ground connection as shown in figure 7. fig.6 ground loops fig.7 single point ground
26 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 26/42 output over-voltage protection the output over-voltage protection consists of circuitry that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. if the voltage on the output terminals exceeds the over voltage protection threshold, then the module will work on intermittent mode. when the over-voltage condition is removed, the converter will automatically restart. the protection mechanism is such that the unit can continue in this condition until the fault is cleared. over-temperature protection these modules feature an over-temperature protection circuit to safeguard against thermal damage. the module will work on intermittent mode when the maximum device reference temperature is exceeded. when the over-temperature condition is removed, the converter will automatically restart.
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 27/42 design consideration typical application load +vin -vin cnt1 +vout -vout +sense -sense trm f1 cin vin co1 co2 s1 fig.8 typical application f1: fuse*: use external fuse (fast blow type ) for each unit. for 3.3v output: 10a (pout=115.5w) for 2.5v output: 10a (pout=100w) for 1.8v output: 8a (pout=75w) for 1.5v output: 8a (pout=60w) for 1.2v output: 5a (pout=48w) cin: recommended input capacitor 100 f/100v high frequency low esr electrolytic type capacitor . co1: recommended 1 f /10v ceramic capacitor co2: recommended output capacitor recommended 1000 f/10v high frequency low esr electrolytic type capacitor. if ta<-5 : use 2 x 220 f tantalum capacitor parallel with a 1000 f/ 10v high frequency low esr electrolytic capacitor. note: the alq modules can not be used in parallel mode directly!
28 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 28/42 fusing the alq power modules have no internal fuse. an external fuse must always be employed! to meet international safety requirements, a 250 volt rated fuse should be used. if one of the input lines is connected to chassis ground, then the fuse must be placed in the other input line. standard safety agency regulations require input fusing. recommended fuse ratings for the alq series are are shown as following list. for 3.3v output: 10a (pout=115.5w) for 2.5v output: 10a (pout=100w) for 1.8v output: 8a (pout=75w) for 1.5v output: 8a (pout=60w) for 1.2v output: 5a (pout=48w) note: the fuse is fast blow type. input reverse voltage protection under installation and cabling conditions where reverse polarity across the input may occur, reverse polarity protection is recommended. protection can easily be provided as shown in figure 9. in both cases the diode used is rated for 10a/100v. placing the diode across the inputs rather than in-line with the input offers an advantage in that the diode only conducts in a reverse polarity condition, which increases circuit efficiency and thermal performance. fig.9 reverse polarity protection circuit
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 29/42 emc for conditions where emi is a concern, a different input filter can be used. figure 10 shows a filter designed to reduce emi effects. alq series can meet en55022 class a with figure 10. vout pgnd -48v vin c9 u +sense 7 cnt 2 vout+ 8 vin+ 3 -sense 5 vin- 1 vout- 4 trim 6 c8 c3 c11 c7 c10 l1 c5 * * l3 l2 c1 c4 c6 c2 fig.10 emi reduction filter recommended values: c1 1uf/100v c2,c3 0.22uf c4 100uf/100v c5 1uf/100v c6,c7 3300p/2kv c8,c9 1000p/2kv c10 22uf/6.3v c11 1000uf/10v l1,l2 h5b smb l3 1.8mh
30 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 30/42 safety consideration for safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., ul1950, csa c22.2 no. 950-95, and en60950. the alq series input-to-output isolation is an basic insulation. the dc/dc power module should be installed in end-use equipment, in compliance with the requirements of the ultimate application, and is intended to be supplied by an isolated secondary circuit. when the supply to the dc/dc power module meets all the requirements for selv(<60vdc), the output is considered to remain within selv limits (level 3). if connected to a 60vdc power system, double or reinforced insulation must be provided in the power supply that isolates the input from any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. one input pin and one output pin are to be grounded or both the input and output pins are to be kept floating. single fault testing in the power supply must be performed in combination with the dc/dc power module to demonstrate that the output meets the requirement for selv. the input pins of the module are not operator accessible. note: do not ground either of the input pins of the module, without grounding one of the output pins. this may allow a non-selv voltage to appear between the output pin and ground.
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 31/42 thermal consideration technologies alq modules have ultra high efficiency at full load. with less heat dissipation and temperature-resistant components such as ceramic capacitors, these modules exhibit good behavior during pro-longed exposure to high temperatures. maintaining the operating board temperature within the specified range help keep internal component temperatures within their specifications which in turn help keep mtbf from falling below the specified rating. proper cooling of the power modules is also necessary for reliable and consistent operation. basic thermal management measuring the board temperature of the module as the method shown in figure 11 can verify the proper cooling. fig.11 temperature measurement location the module should work under 55c ambient for the reliability of operation and the board temperature must not exceed 100c while operating in the final system configuration. the measurement can be made with a surface probe after the module has reached thermal equilibrium. no heat sink is mounted, make the measurement as close as possible to the
32 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 32/42 indicated position. it makes the assumption that the final system configuration exists and can be used for a test environment. note that the board temperature of module must always be checked in the final system configuration to verify proper operation due to the variation in test conditions. thermal management acts to transfer the heat dissipated by the module to the surrounding environment. the amount of power dissipated by the module as heat (pd) is got by the equation below: pd = pi - po where : pi is input power; po is output power; pd is dissipated power. also, module efficiency ( ) is defined as the following equation: = po / pi if eliminating the input power term, from two above equations can yield the equation below: pd = po (1- ) / the module power dissipation then can be calculated through the equation. because each power module output voltage has a different power dissipation curve, a plot of power dissipation versus output current over three different line voltages is given in the following figures. the typical power dissipation curve of alq series are shown as following figure 12 to 16. fig.12 typical power dissipation curve of alq-35f48n
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 33/42 fig.13 typical power dissipation curve of alq-40g48n fig.14 typical power dissipation curve of alq-40y48n fig.15 typical power dissipation curve of alq-40m48n
34 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 34/42 fig.16 typical power dissipation curve of alq-40k48n module derating when 48v input, 25 ambient temperature, and 200lfm airflow, alq series are rated for full power, and in this condition the board temperature can reach 100 . for operation above ambient temperature of 55 , output power must be derated as shown in figures of ??output power derating??, meantime, airflow at least 200lfm over the converter must be provided to make the module working properly. the board temperature should be used to determine maximum temperature limits. the minimum operating temperature for the alq is -40 . increasing airflow over the module enhances the heat transfer via convection. figures 17 through 26 shows the maximum current that can be delivered by the corresponding module without exceeding the maximum board temperature versus local ambient temperature (ta) for natural convection 0 m/s through 2 m/s (400 ft./min.). the use of output power derating curve is shown in the following example. example what is the minimum airflow necessary for a alq-35f48n operating at vi = 48 v, an output current of 28a, and a maximum ambient temperature of 55 ? solution given: vi = 48v, io = 28a, ta = 55 determine airflow (v) (use figure 17): v = 1m/sec. (200ft./min.)
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 35/42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.17 output power derating for alq-35f48n (vo = 3.3v) airflow direction from -vin to +vin ; vin = 48v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.18 output power derating for alq-35f48n (vo = 3.3v) airflow direction from output to input ; vin = 48v
36 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 36/42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.19 output power derating for alq-40g48n (vo = 2.5v) airflow direction from -vin to +vin ; vin = 48v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.20 output power derating for alq-40g48n (vo = 2.5v) airflow direction from output to input ; vin = 48v
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 37/42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.21 output power derating for alq-40y48n (vo = 1.8v) airflow direction from -vin to +vin ; vin = 48v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.22 output power derating for alq-40y48n (vo = 1.8v) airflow direction from output to input ; vin = 48v
38 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 38/42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s fig.23 output power derating for alq-40m48n (vo = 1.5v) airflow direction from -vin to +vin ; vin = 48v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s figures24 output power derating for alq-40m48n (vo = 1.5v) airflow direction from output to input ; vin = 48v
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 39/42 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s figures 25 output power derating for alq-40k48n (vo = 1.2v) airflow direction from -vin to +vin ; vin = 48v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10203040506070 local ambient temperature,ta(oc) output current,io(a) 0m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 1.5m/s 2m/s figures 26 output power derating for alq-40k48n (vo = 1.2v) airflow direction from output to input ; vin = 48v
40 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 40/42 mtbf the mtbf, calculated in accordance with bellcore tr-nwt-000332 is 2,000,000 hours. obtaining this mtbf in practice is entirely possible. if the board temperature is expected to exceed +25 , then we also advise an oriented for the best possible cooling in the air stream. emerson network power can supply replacements for converters from other manufacturers, or offer custom solutions. please contact the factory for details. mechanical considerations installation although alq series converters can be mounted in any orientation, free air-flowing must be taken. normally power components are always put at the end of the airflow path or have the separate airflow paths. this can keep other system equipment cooler and increase component life spans. soldering alq series converters are compatible with standard wave soldering techniques. when wave soldering, the converter pins should be preheated for 20-30 seconds at 110 , and wave soldered at 260 for less than 10 seconds. when hand soldering, the iron temperature should be maintained at 425 and applied to the converter pins for less than 5 seconds. longer exposure can cause internal damage to the converter. cleaning can be performed with cleaning solvent ipa or with water.
alq series technical reference notes date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 41/42 mechanical chart (pin side view) notes: un-dimensioned components are for visual reference only.
42 date: march. 25, 2003 model : alq series s 42/42 ordering information model number input voltage (v) output voltage (v) output current (a) ripple and noise (mv pp) typ. max. efficiency (%) typ. alq-35f48n 36-75 3.3 35 80 120 90 alq-40g48n 36-75 2.5 40 60 100 88.5 alq-40y48n 36-75 1.8 40 60 100 87 alq-40m48n 36-75 1.5 40 60 100 86 alq-40k48n 36-75 1.2 40 50 80 85

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