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  aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 1 batterymanager ? general description the aat3686 batterymanager is a highly integrated single-cell lithium-ion/polymer battery charger ic designed to operate with usb port and ac adapter inputs. it requires the minimum number of external components. the aat3686 precisely regulates battery charge voltage and current for 4.2v lithium-ion/polymer battery cells. adapter charge current rates can be programmed up to 1.5a. in the absence of an adapter and with a usb port connected, the battery can also be charged by usb power. depending on the usb port type, the aat3686 charge current can be programmed for two separate levels up to 500ma. an optional charge reduction loop is also built in to allow users to charge the battery with available current from a usb port, while keeping the port voltage regulated. usb charging is dis- abled when an adapter is present. battery temperature and charge state are fully moni- tored for fault conditions. in the event of an over-volt- age or over-temperature failure, the device will auto- matically shut down, thus protecting the charging device, control system, and the battery under charge. status monitor output pins are provided to indicate the battery charge status by directly driving two exter- nal leds. a serial interface output is available to report 22 various status states to a microcontroller. the aat3686 is available in a pb-free, thermally- enhanced, space-saving tdfn34-16 (3x4mm) or tdfn44-16 (4x4mm) package and is rated over the -40c to +85c temperature range. features ? usb port/ac adapter system power charger ? usb: programmable to 500ma for usb hi/lo ? adapter: programmable to 1.5a max ? 4.0v to 5.5v input voltage range ? adapter present indicator (adpp# pin) ? adapter presence automatically disables usb charging ? high level of integration with internal: ? charging devices ? reverse blocking diodes ? current sensing ? automatic recharge sequencing ? digital thermal regulation in adp charge ? charge reduction loop in usb charge ? battery temperature monitoring ? full battery charge auto turn-off ? over-voltage and emergency thermal protection ? power on reset and soft start ? serial interface status reporting ? tdfn34-16 or tdfn44-16 package applications ? cellular telephones ? digital still cameras ? hand-held pcs ? mp3 players ? personal data assistants (pdas) ? other lithium-ion/polymer battery-powered devices typical application aat3686 c2 10 f batt- temp usb input battery pack serial data usb usbsel adp adpset ct gnd ts bat batt+ r set c t usb hi/lo select adp present adp input stat1 r seth usbh r setl usbl chr en stat2 data adpp# enable
pin descriptions pin configuration tdfn34-16 tdfn44-16 (top view) (top view) pin # (tdfn34-16/ tdfn44-16) name type function 1 usb in usb power supply input. 2 bat in/out battery charging and sensing. 3 adp in adapter input. 4 gnd ground ground connection. 5 chr in/out resistor divider to set usb voltage regulation for charge reduction mode. leave this pin open for default 4.5v usb regulation point. tie to usb pin to disable this function. 6 en in enable pin. logic high enables the ic. 7 adpp# out adapter present indicator. this pin is open drain until adp pin reaches threshold. 8 ts in/out connect to 10k ntc thermistor. 9 data in/out status report to microcontroller via serial interface, open-drain. 10 stat2 out battery charge status indicator pin to drive an led: active low, open-drain. 11 stat1 out battery charge status indicator pin to drive an led: active low, open-drain. 12 ct in/out timing capacitor to adjust internal watchdog timer. set maximum charge time for adapter powered trickle, cc, and cv charge modes. the watchdog timer only sets the timers for adapter battery charging; there is no timeout for the battery charging from the usb input. if timing function is not needed, termi- nate this pin to ground. 13 usbsel in when usb is present, use this pin to toggle between 100ma and 500ma limit. 14 usbl in/out connect resistor here to set charge current for low-current usb port. 15 usbh in/out connect resistor here to set charge current for high-current usb port. 16 adpset in/out use resistor at this pin to set adapter charging current. ep exposed paddle (bottom); connect to gnd directly beneath package. aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 2 3686.2006.10.1.9 adp gnd chr usb bat 3 en a dpp# ts usbl usbsel ct adpset usbh stat1 stat2 data 4 5 1 2 6 7 8 14 13 12 16 15 11 10 9 adp gnd chr usb bat 3 en a dpp# ts usbl usbsel ct adpset usbh stat1 stat2 data 4 5 1 2 6 7 8 14 13 12 16 15 11 10 9
aat3686 feature options absolute maximum ratings 1 thermal information 2 symbol description value units ja maximum thermal resistance 37 c/w p d maximum power dissipation 2.7 w symbol description value units v p usb, adp input voltage, <30ms, duty cycle <10% -0.3 to 7.0 v v p usb, adp input voltage, continuous -0.3 to 6.0 v v n bat, usbsel, usbh, usbl, adpset, stat1, stat2, adpp#, -0.3 to v p + 0.3 v data, ts, ct, chr, en t j operating junction temperature range -40 to 150 c t lead maximum soldering temperature (at leads) 300 c internal pull-up can leave product resistor on en pin ts pin open aat3686 no no aat3686-1 yes yes aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 3 1. stresses above those listed in absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. functional operation at c ondi- tions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. only one absolute maximum rating should be applied at any one time. 2. mounted on an fr4 board.
electrical characteristics 1 v adp = 5v, t a = -25c to +85c, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = 25c. symbol description conditions min typ max units operation usb, adp usb port or adapter voltage range 4.0 5.5 v v adpp adapter present indicator usb present 4.25 4.5 4.7 v threshold voltage v u _ dsbl adp voltage level to disable 4.25 4.5 4.7 v usb charging v uvlo under-voltage lockout rising edge 3.0 v under-voltage lockout hysteresis 150 mv i op operating current cc charge current = 500ma 0.75 1.5 ma i sleep sleep mode current aat3686: v bat = 4.25v 0.3 1.0 a aat3686-1: v bat = 4.25v 1 3 i leakage reverse leakage current from v bat = 4v, usb, 1.0 a bat pin adp pins open voltage regulation v bat _ eoc 1 end of charge voltage accuracy 4.158 4.2 4.242 v v bat /v bat eoc voltage tolerance 0.5 % v min preconditioning voltage threshold 2.8 3.0 3.15 v v rch battery recharge voltage threshold v bat _ eoc - 0.1 v v usb_chr usb charge reduction regulation no connection on chr pin 4.3 4.5 4.64 v v chr chr pin voltage accuracy 1.9 2.0 2.1 v current regulation i ch charge current 100 1500 ma i ch /i ch charge current regulation tolerance 10 % v adpset adpset pin voltage cc mode 2.0 v v usbh usbh pin voltage cc mode 2.0 v v usbl usbl pin voltage cc mode 2.0 v k ia current set factor: i charge /i adpset 4000 k iuh current set factor: i charge /i usbh 2000 k iul current set factor: i charge /i usbl 2000 charging devices r ds(on)a adapter charging transistor v in = 5.5v 0.2 0.25 0.35 on resistance r ds(on)u usb charging transistor v in = 5.5v 0.4 0.5 0.65 on resistance aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 4 3686.2006.10.1.9 1. the aat3686 output charge voltage is specified over the 0 to 70c ambient temperature range; operation over the -25c to +8 5c temperature range is guaranteed by design.
electrical characteristics 1 v adp = 5v, t a = -25c to +85c, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = 25c. symbol description conditions min typ max units logic control / protection v usbsel(h) input high threshold 1.6 v v usbsel(l) input low threshold 0.4 v v en(h) input high threshold 1.6 v v en(l) input low threshold 0.4 v i en(h) en input current aat3686-1 only; v en = 5v 10 a v adpp# output low voltage adpp# pin sinks 4ma 0.4 v t p preconditioning time out (adp mode only) c ct = 100nf, v_adp = 5.5v 25 minute t c preconditioning and constant current mode c ct = 100nf, v_adp = 5.5v 3.0 hour time out (adp mode only) t v constant voltage mode time out c ct = 100nf, v_adp = 5.5v 3.0 hour (adp mode only) v s tat output low voltage stat pin sinks 4ma 0.4 v i s tat stat pin current sink capability 8.0 ma v ovp over-voltage protection threshold 4.4 v i tk /i chg pre-charge current for adapter or usbh mode 10 % for usbl mode 50 i term /i chg charge termination threshold current for adapter or usbh mode 7.5 % for usbl mode 35 i ts current source from ts pin 70 80 90 a ts1 ts hot temperature fault threshold 310 330 350 mv hysteresis 15 ts2 ts cold temperature fault threshold 2.2 2.3 2.4 v hysteresis 10 mv i_data data pin sink current data pin is active low state 3 ma i_adpp# adpp# current sink capability adpp# pin is active low state 8 ma v data(h) input high threshold 1.6 v v data)(l) input low threshold 0.4 v sq pulse status request pulse width status request 200 ns t period system clock period 50 s f d ata data output frequency 20 khz t reg thermal loop regulation 90 c t loop_in thermal loop entering threshold 110 c t loop_out thermal loop exiting threshold 85 c t ovsd over-temperature shutdown threshold 145 c aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 5 1. the aat3686 output charge voltage is specified over the 0 to 70c ambient temperature range; operation over the -25c to +8 5c temperature range is guaranteed by design.
typical characteristics aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 6 3686.2006.10.1.9 preconditioning charge current vs. temperature (adpset = 8.06k ; usbh = 8.06k usbh adp 80 90 100 110 120 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 40 45 50 55 60 preconditioning threshold voltage vs. temperature temperature ( usbh adp 2.95 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 end of charge voltage vs. temperature temperature ( adp usbh 4.158 4.179 4.200 4.221 4.242 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 recharge voltage vs. temperature temperature ( 4.040 4.050 4.060 4.070 4.080 4.090 4.100 4.110 4.120 4.130 4.140 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 usbh adp battery voltage vs. supply voltage supply voltage (v) v bat (v) usbh adp 4.158 4.179 4.200 4.221 4.242 4.5 4.75 5.0 5.25 5.5 i fastcharge vs. r set r set (k 10 100 1000 10000 1 10 100 usbl usbh adp
typical characteristics aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 7 fast charge current vs. supply voltage (usbh; usbh = 8.06k ) supply voltage (v) i ch (ma) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 4.0 4.25 4.5 4.75 5.0 5.25 5.5 5.75 6.0 v bat = 3.3v v bat = 3.5v v bat = 3.9v fast charge current vs. supply voltage (adapter; adpset = 8.06k ) supply voltage (v) i ch (ma) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6. 0 v bat = 3.3v v bat = 3.5v v bat = 3.9v charging current vs. battery voltage (usbl; usbl = 40.2k ) battery voltage (v) i ch (ma) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 charging current vs. battery voltage (usbh; usbh = 8.06k 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.0 charging current vs. battery voltage (adapter; adpset = 8.06k ) battery voltage (v) i ch (a) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5 fast charge current vs. temperature (adpset = 8.0k ; usbh = 8.06k 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 adp usbh
typical characteristics aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 8 3686.2006.10.1.9 v il vs. supply voltage en pin (falling) supply voltage (v) v ih (v) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 -40 c +25 c +85 c v ih vs. supply voltage en pin (rising) supply voltage (v) v ih (v) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6. 0 -40 c +25 c +85 c fast charge current vs. supply voltage (usbh; usbh = 8.06k ) supply voltage (v) i ch (ma) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 0 c 25 c 70 c fast charge current vs. supply voltage (usbl; usbl = 40.2k ) supply voltage (v) i ch (ma) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 5.5 6.5 v bat = 3.3v v bat = 3.5v v bat = 3.9v v il vs. supply voltage usbsel (falling) supply voltage (v) v ih (v) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 -40 c +25 c +85 c v ih vs. supply voltage usbsel (rising) supply voltage (v) v ih (v) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.8 6.0 -40 c +25 c +85 c
typical characteristics aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 9 temperature sense output current vs. temperature temperature ( c) ts pin current ( 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 ct pin capacitance vs. counter timeout time (hours) capacitance ( f) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 06 4 2810 precondition timeout precondition + constant current timeout or constant voltage timeout counter timeout vs. temperature (ct = 0.1f) temperature ( c) counter timeout (%) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 usb charge current vs. time (usbh; usbh = 8.06k 02 46810 charge reduction mode activated adapter mode supply current vs. adpset resistor adpset resistor (k ) i q (ma) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 1 10 100 1000 constant current pre-conditioning
functional block diagram aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 10 3686.2006.10.1.9 functional description the aat3686 is a highly integrated single-cell lithium- ion/polymer battery charger ic designed to operate with usb port and ac adapter inputs, while requiring a minimum number of external components. the aat3686 precisely regulates battery charge voltage and current for 4.2v lithium-ion/polymer battery cells. the adapter charge input constant current level can be programmed up to 1.5a for rapid charging appli- cations. in the absence of a high current adapter input source, the aat3686 can be powered from a usb port v bus supply. depending on the usb port type, the aat3686 constant charge current can be externally programmed for two levels, usb high and usb low, for maximum constant current charge lev- els up to 500ma. typically, the usb charge levels are set at 500ma and 100ma for the usbh and usbl modes; however, the user may program either mode to any level up to 500ma. the usbh/l mode has automatic charge reduction loop control to allow users to charge the battery with limited available current from a usb port, while maintaining the regulated port voltage. this system assures the battery charge function will not overload a usb port while charging if other system demands also share power with the respective port supply. the usb charge function is automatically disabled when an adapter input power source greater than 4.4v is present. status monitor output pins are provided to indicate the battery charge status by directly driving two external leds. a serial interface output is available to report 22 various status states to a microcontroller. battery temperature and charge state are fully mon- itored for fault conditions. in the event of an over- voltage or over-temperature failure, the device will automatically shut down, thus protecting the charg- ing device, control system, and the battery under charge. in addition to internal charge controller ther- mal protection, the aat3686 also provides a tem- perature sense feedback function (ts pin) from the battery to shut down the device in the event the bat- tery exceeds its own thermal limit during charging. all fault events are reported to the user either by the simple status leds or via the data pin function. charge control current compare reverse blocking reverse blocking cv/ precharge usb usbsel constant current current compare adp bat a dpset uvlo over- temperature protect charge status stat2 stat1 ts window comparator 80a usbh usbl serial data data watchdog timer ct gnd charge reduction loop chr voltage sense adpp# en ic enable
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 11 charging operation regardless of which charge input function is selected (i.e., either the adapter input or usb input), the aat3686 has four basic modes for the battery charge cycle: pre-conditioning/trickle charge; constant current/fast charge; constant voltage; and end of charge (see figure 1). figure 1: current vs. voltage profile during charging phases. battery preconditioning before the start of charging, the aat3686 checks several conditions in order to assure a safe charging environment. the input supply must be above the minimum operating voltage, or under-voltage lock- out threshold (v uvlo ), for the charging sequence to begin. also, the cell temperature, as reported by a thermistor connected to the ts pin from the battery, must be within the proper window for safe charging. when these conditions have been met and a battery is connected to the bat pin, the aat3686 checks the state of the battery. if the cell voltage is below the preconditioning voltage threshold (v min ), the aat3686 begins preconditioning the cell. the battery preconditioning trickle charge current is equal to the fast charge constant current divided by 10 (usbl divided by 2). for example, if the pro- grammed fast charge current is 500ma, then the preconditioning mode (trickle charge) current will be 50ma. cell preconditioning is a safety precaution for a deeply discharged battery and also aids in limiting power dissipation in the pass transistor when the voltage across the device is at the greatest potential. fast charge / constant current charging cell preconditioning continues until the voltage on the bat pin exceeds the preconditioning voltage threshold (v min ). at this point, the aat3686 begins the constant current fast charging phase. the fast charge constant current (i cc ) amplitude is deter- mined by the charge mode, adp, usbh or usbl, and is programmed by the user via the r set , r seth , and r setl resistors. the aat3686 remains in con- stant current charge mode until the battery reaches the voltage regulation point, v bat . constant voltage charging the system transitions to a constant voltage charg- ing mode when the battery voltage reaches the output charge regulation threshold (v bat ) during the constant current fast charge phase. the regu- lation voltage level is factory programmed to 4.2v (1%). charge current in the constant voltage mode drops as the battery cell under charge reach- es its maximum capacity. end of charge cycle termination and recharge sequence when the charge current drops to 7.5% (35% for usbl) of the programmed fast charge current level in the constant voltage mode, the device termi- nates charging and goes into a standby state. the charger will remain in a standby state until the bat- tery voltage decreases to a level below the battery recharge voltage threshold (v rch ). preconditioning trickle charge phase constant current charge phase constant voltage charge phase charge complete voltage constant current mode voltage threshold regulated current trickle charge and termination threshold i = cc / 10 i = max cc
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 12 3686.2006.10.1.9 system operation flow chart when the input supply is disconnected or drops below uvlo or en = 0, the charger will automati- cally enter power-saving sleep mode. consuming an ultra-low 0.3a in sleep mode (1a for aat3686-1), the aat3686 minimizes battery drain when it is not charging. this feature is particularly useful in applications where the input supply level may fall below the battery charge or under-voltage lockout level. in such cases where the aat3686 input voltage drops, the device will enter sleep mode and automatically resume charging once the input supply has recovered from its fault condition. uvlo v p > v uvlo battery temp. monitor v ts1 < ts < v ts2 preconditioning test v min > v bat current phase test v eoc > v bat voltage phase test i bat > i term shutdown mode no no yes low current conditioning charge battery temp. fault no no yes voltage charging mode current charging mode no yes no switch on yes yes usb detect usbsel = ? usb charge completed recharge test v rch > v bat adp yes 0 timer charge safety timer set expire power on reset sleep mode power select output adpp 1 usb low current loop usb high current loop no yes no device temp. monitor t j > 110c yes fault conditions monitor ov, ot yes thermal loop current reduction in adp charging mode usb voltage test v usb < 4.5v no thermal loop enable usb voltage regulation enable usb loop current reduction in usb charging mode timing adp loop adp voltage test adp > v adpp no yes enable no yes
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 13 application information ac adapter / usb system power charging adapter mode in the adapter mode, constant current charge lev- els up to 1.5a can be programmed by the user. the aat3686 system control will always select the adapter input over the usb supply input whenever adapter voltage is present on the adp pin. the aat3686 will operate from the adapter input over a 4.0v to 5.5v range. the constant current fast charge current for the adapter input mode is set by the r set resistor con- nected between the adpset and ground. refer to table 1 for recommended r set values for a desired constant current charge level. the presence of volt- age on the adapter input is indicated by the adpp# pin function. this indicator pin is an open drain and will pull the adpp# pin low when voltage is detect- ed on the adp pin. the precise charging function in the adapter mode may be read from the data pin and/or status leds. please refer to the battery charge status indication discussion in this datasheet for further details on data reporting. thermal loop control due to the integrated nature of the linear charging control pass device for the adapter mode, a special thermal loop control system has been employed to maximize charging current under all operation condi- tions. the thermal management system measures the internal circuit die temperature and reduces the fast charge current when the device exceeds a pre- set internal temperature control threshold. once the thermal loop control becomes active, the fast charge current is initially reduced by a factor of 0.44. the initial thermal loop current can be estimated by the following equation: the thermal loop control re-evaluates the circuit die temperature every three seconds and adjusts the fast charge current back up in small steps to the full fast charge current level or until an equilibrium cur- rent is discovered and maximized for the given ambient temperature condition. the thermal loop controls the system charge level; therefore, the aat3686 will always provide the highest level of constant current in the fast charge mode possible for any given ambient temperature condition. adapter input charge inhibit and resume the aat3686 has an under-voltage lockout and power on reset feature so that the charger will sus- pend charging and shut down if the input supply to the adapter pin drops below the uvlo threshold. when power is re-applied to the adapter pin or the uvlo condition recovers and adp > v bat , the sys- tem charge control will assess the state of charge on the battery cell and will automatically resume charging in the appropriate mode for the condition of the battery. usb mode the aat3686 provides an input for intelligent usb charging. when no voltage is present on the adapter input pin, the charge controller will automat- ically switch to accepting power from the usb input. the usb charge mode provides two programmable fast charge levels up to 500ma each, usb high and usb low, usbh and usbl, respectively. the usbh or usbl modes may be externally selected by the usb select pin (usbsel). usbsel is internally pulled low through a 1m resistor. when the usb- sel pin is connected to a logic high level, the usbh level will be active. conversely, when usbsel is pulled to a logic low level (ground), the usbl level will be used for charging. typically, usbh is set for 500ma and usbl is set for 100ma. however, these two usb charge levels may be user programmed to any level between 50ma and 500ma by selecting the appropriate resistor values for r seth and r setl . refer to table 1 for recommended r seth and r setl values for the desired usb input constant current charge levels. usb charge reduction in many instances, product system designers do not know the real properties of a potential usb port used to supply power to the battery charger. typically, powered usb ports found on desktop and notebook pcs should supply up to 500ma. in the event a usb port being used to supply the charger is unable to provide the programmed fast charge current or if the system under charge must also share supply current with other functions, the aat3686 will automatically reduce usb fast charge current to maintain port integrity and protect the host system. i tloop = i cc 0.44
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 14 3686.2006.10.1.9 the usb charge reduction system becomes active when the voltage on the usb input falls below the usb charge reduction threshold (v usbchr ), which is typically 4.5v. regardless of which usb charge function is selected (usbh or usbl), the charge reduction system will reduce the fast charge cur- rent level in a linear fashion until the voltage sensed on the usb input recovers above the charge reduction threshold voltage. the usb charge reduction threshold (v usbchr ) can be exter- nally set to a value lower than 4.5v by placing a resistor divider network between v usb and ground with the center connected to the chr pin. the usb charge reduction feature can be disabled by con- necting a 10k resistor from the chr pin directly to the usb input pin (see figure 2). the following equation can be used to approximate a usb charge reduction threshold below 4.5v: where r11/r12 << 1m . usb input charge inhibit and resume the aat3686 uvlo and power on reset feature will function when the usb input pin voltage level drops below the uvlo threshold. at this point, the charger will suspend charging and shut down. when power is re-applied to the usb pin or the uvlo condition recovers, the system charge con- trol will assess the state of charge on the battery cell and will automatically resume charging in the appropriate mode for the condition of the battery. enable / disable the aat3686 provides an enable function to con- trol the charger ic on and off. the enable (en) pin is active high. when pulled to a logic low level, the aat3686 will be shut down and forced into the sleep state. charging will be halted regardless of the battery voltage or charging state. when the device is re-enabled, the charge control circuit will automatically reset and resume charging functions with the appropriate charging mode based on the battery charge state and measured cell voltage. table 1: resistor values. figure 2: internal equivalent circuit for the chr pin. adp usbh usbl i cc r set (k )r set (k )r set (k ) 50 n/a 86.6 86.6 75 n/a 57.6 57.6 100 84.5 42.2 42.2 200 43.2 21.0 20.5 300 28.0 13.7 13.7 400 21.0 10.2 10.2 500 16.9 8.06 8.06 600 13.3 6.65 6.65 700 11.5 5.62 5.62 800 10.2 4.87 4.87 900 9.09 4.32 4.32 1000 8.06 3.83 3.83 1100 7.32 3.48 3.48 1200 6.65 3.16 3.16 1300 6.04 2.87 2.87 1400 5.62 2.67 2.67 1500 5.36 2.43 2.43 v usbchr = 2.0v r12 r12 + r11 1.025m 825k r11 r12 v chr = 2.0v v usb usb chr
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 15 programming charge current the fast charge constant current charge level for both adapter and usb input modes are pro- grammed with set resistors placed between the adpset, usbh, and usbl pins and ground. the accuracy of the fast charge, as well as the precon- ditioning trickle charge current, is dominated by the tolerance of the set resistor used. for this reason, 1% tolerance metal film resistors are recommend- ed for the set resistor function. fast charge constant current levels from 50ma to 1.5a can be set by selecting the appropriate resistor value from table 1. the r set resistor should be con- nected between the adpset pin and ground. the usb input fast charge constant current charge control provides for two current set levels, usbh and usbl. the usbsel pin is used to select the high or low charge current levels in the usb charge mode. when the usbsel pin is pulled to a voltage level above the v usbsel(h) threshold, the usbh cur- rent level will be selected. conversely, this pin should be pulled below v usbsel(l) to enable the usbl charge level. typically, the two r seth and r setl resistors for the usbh and usbl functions are fixed for 500ma and 100ma usb fast charge levels. however, these two charge levels can be set to any level between 50ma and 500ma depending upon the system design requirements for a given usb charge application. refer to table 1 and figure 3 for recommended r seth and r setl values. figure 3: i fastcharge vs. r set . protection circuitry programmable watchdog timer the aat3686 contains a watchdog timing circuit for the adapter input charging mode. no watchdog tim- ing functions are active for the usb input mode. typically, a 0.1f ceramic capacitor is connected between the tc pin and ground. when a 0.1f ceramic capacitor is used, the device will time a shutdown condition if the trickle charge mode exceeds 25 minutes and a combined trickle charge plus fast charge mode of three hours. when the device transitions to the constant voltage mode, the timing counter is reset and will time out after three hours and shut down the charger (see table 2). table 2: summary for a 0.1f used for the timing capacitor. the ct pin is driven by a constant current source and will provide a linear response to increases in the timing capacitor value. thus, if the timing capacitor were to be doubled from the nominal 0.1f value, the time-out times would be doubled. if the programmable watchdog timer function is not needed, it can be disabled by connecting the ct pin to ground. the ct pin should not be left float- ing or un-terminated, as this will cause errors in the internal timing control circuit. the constant current provided to charge the timing capacitor is very small, and this pin is susceptible to noise and changes in capacitance value. therefore, the timing capacitor should be physical- ly located on the printed circuit board layout as closely as possible to the ct pin. since the accu- racy of the internal timer is dominated by the capacitance value, 10% tolerance or better ceram- ic capacitors are recommended. ceramic capacitor materials, such as x7r and x5r type, are a good choice for this application. mode time trickle charge (tc) time out 25 minutes trickle charge (tc) + 3 hours fast charge (cc) time out constant voltage (vc) mode 3 hours time out r set (k 10 100 1000 10000 1 10 100 usbl usbh adp
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 16 3686.2006.10.1.9 over-voltage protection an over-voltage event is defined as a condition where the voltage on the bat pin exceeds the max- imum battery charge voltage and is set by the over- voltage protection threshold (v ovp ). if an over-volt- age condition occurs, the aat3686 charge control will shut down the device until voltage on the bat pin drops below the over-voltage protection thresh- old (v ovp ). the aat3686 will resume normal charg- ing operation after the over-voltage condition is removed. during an over-voltage event, the stat leds will report a system fault, and the actual fault condition may be read via the data pin signal. over-temperature shutdown the aat3686 has a thermal protection control cir- cuit which will shut down charging functions should the internal die temperature exceed the preset thermal limit threshold. battery temperature fault monitoring in the event of a battery over-temperature condi- tion, the charge control will turn off the internal pass device and report a battery temperature fault on the data pin function. the stat leds will also display a system fault. after the system recovers from a temperature fault, the device will resume charging operation. the aat3686 checks battery temperature before starting the charge cycle, as well as during all stages of charging. this is accomplished by moni- toring the voltage at the ts pin. this system is intended to use negative temperature coefficient thermistors (ntc), which are typically integrated into the battery package. most of the commonly used ntc thermistors in battery packs are approx- imately 10k at room temperature (25c). the ts pin has been specifically designed to source 80a of current to the thermistor. the volt- age on the ts pin that results from the resistive load should stay within a window from 335mv to 2.32v. if the battery becomes too hot during charg- ing due to an internal fault, the thermistor will heat up and reduce in value, pulling the ts pin voltage lower than the ts1 threshold and the aat3686 will signal the fault condition. if the use of the ts pin function is not required by the system, it should be terminated to ground using a 10k resistor. alternatively, on the aat3686-1, the ts pin may be left open. battery charge status indication the aat3686 indicates the status of the battery under charge with two different systems. first, the device has two status led driver outputs. these two leds can indicate simple functions such as no battery charge activity, battery charging, charge complete, and charge fault. the aat3686 also pro- vides a bi-directional data reporting function so that a system microcontroller can interrogate the data pin and read any one of 22 system states. status indicator display simple system charging status states can be dis- played using one or two leds in conjunction with the stat1 and stat2 pins on the aat3686. these two pins are simple switches to connect the led cath- odes to ground. it is not necessary to use both dis- play leds if a user simply wants to have a single lamp to show "charging" or "not charging." this can be accomplished by using the stat1 pin and a sin- gle led. using two leds and both stat pins simply gives the user more information to the charging states. refer to table 3 for led display definitions. the led anodes should be connected to either v usb or v adp , depending upon system design requirements. the leds should be biased with as little current as necessary to create reasonable illu- mination; therefore, a ballast resistor should be placed between the led cathodes and the stat1/2 pins. led current consumption will add to the overall thermal power budget for the device package, so it is wise to keep the led drive current to a minimum. 2ma should be sufficient to drive most low-cost green or red leds. it is not recom- mended to exceed 8ma for driving an individual status led.
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 17 the required ballast resistor value can be estimat- ed using the following formulas: for connection to the adapter supply: example: note: red led forward voltage (v f ) is typically 2.0v @ 2ma. for connection to the usb supply: example: note: green led forward voltage (v f ) is typically 3.2v @ 2ma. the four status led display conditions are described in table 3. digital charge status reporting the aat3686 has a comprehensive digital data reporting system by use of the data pin feature. this function can provide detailed information regarding the status of the charging system. the data pin is a bi-directional port which will read back a series of data pulses when the system microcon- troller asserts a request pulse. this single strobe request protocol will invoke one of 22 possible return pulse counts which the microcontroller can look up based on the serial report table shown in table 4. the data pin function is active low and should nor- mally be pulled high to v adp or v usb . this data line may also be pulled high to the same level as the high state for the logic i/o port on the system microcontroller. in order for the data pin control circuit to generate clean, sharp edges for the data output and to maintain the integrity of the data tim- ing for the system, the pull-up resistor on the data line should be low enough in value so that the data signal returns to the high state without delay. if too small a pull-up resistor is used, the strobe pulse from the system microcontroller could exceed the maximum pulse time and the data out- put control could issue false status reports. a 1.5k resistor is recommended when pulling the data pin high to 5.0v on either v adp or v usb inputs. if the data line is pulled high to a voltage level less than 5.0v, the pull-up resistor can be calculated based on a recommended minimum pull-up current of 3ma. use the following formula: table 3: status led display conditions. event description stat1 stat2 charge disabled or low supply off off charge enabled without battery flash 1 flash 1 battery charging on off charge completed off on fault on on 1. flashing rate depends on output capacitance. r b(stat1/2) = v adp - v f(led) i led(stat1/2) r pull-up v pull-up 3ma r b(stat2) = = 900 5.0v - 3.2v 2ma r b(stat1/2) = v usb - v f(led) i led(stat1/2) r b(stat1) = = 1.75k 5.5v - 2.0v 2ma
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 18 3686.2006.10.1.9 data timing the system microcontroller should assert an active low data request pulse for minimum duration of 200ns; this is specified by the sq pulse . upon sens- ing the rising edge of the end of the data request pulse, the aat3686 status data control will reply the data word back to the system microcontroller after a delay defined by the data report time specification t data(rpt) . the period of the following group of data pulses will be defined by the t d ata specification. table 4: serial data report table. figure 4: data pin application circuit. number data report status 1 chip over-temperature shutdown 2 battery temperature fault 3 over-voltage turn off 4 not used 5 adp watchdog time-out in battery condition mode 6 adp battery condition mode 7 adp watchdog time-out in constant current mode 8 adp thermal loop regulation in constant current mode 9 adp constant current mode 10 adp watchdog time-out in constant voltage mode 11 adp constant voltage mode 12 adp end of charging 13 usbh battery condition mode 14 usbh charge reduction in constant current mode 15 usbh constant current mode 16 usbh constant voltage mode 17 usbh end of charging 18 usbl battery condition mode 19 usbl charge end of charging reduction in constant current mode 20 usbl constant current mode 21 usbl constant voltage mode 22 usbl end of charging 23 data report error in out aat3686 status control data pin p gpio port out in gpio r pull_up 1.8v to 5.0v
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 19 thermal considerations the aat3686 is offered in a 3x4mm tdfn pack- age and a 4x4mm tdfn package, each of which can provide up to 2.7w of power dissipation when it is properly bonded to a printed circuit board and has a maximum thermal resistance of 37c/w. many considerations should be taken into account when designing the printed circuit board layout, as well as the placement of the charger ic package in proximity to other heat generating devices in a given application design. the ambient temperature around the charger ic will also have an effect on the thermal limits of a battery charging application. the maximum limits that can be expected for a given ambient condition can be estimated by the following discussion: first, the maximum power dissipation for a given situation should be calculated: eq. 1: where: p d = total power dissipation by the device v in = either v adp or v usb , depending on which mode is selected v bat = battery voltage as seen at the bat pin i cc = maximum constant fast charge current pro- grammed for the application i op = quiescent current consumed by the charg- er ic for normal operation next, the maximum operating ambient temperature for a given application can be estimated based on the thermal resistance of the 3x4mm and 4x4mm tdfn packages when sufficiently mounted to a pcb layout and the internal thermal loop tempera- ture threshold. eq. 2: where: t a = ambient temperature in degrees c t j = maximum device junction temperature below the thermal loop threshold p d = total power dissipation by the device ja = package thermal resistance in c/w timing diagram t a = t j - ( ja p d ) p d = [(v in - v bat ) i cc + (v in i op )] sq sq pulse data system reset system start ck t sync t lat n=1 n=2 n=3 t off t data(rpt) = t sync + t lat < 2.5 p data t off > 2 p data p data
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 20 3686.2006.10.1.9 example: for an application where the fast charge current for the adapter mode is set to 1a, v adp = 5.0v, and the worst case battery voltage is 3.0v, what is the max- imum ambient temperature where the thermal lim- iting will become active? given: v adp = 5.0v v bat = 3.0v i cc = 1a i op = 0.75ma t j = 110c ja = 37c/w using equation 3, calculate the device power dissi- pation for the stated condition: eq. 3: the maximum ambient temperature before the aat3686 thermal loop becomes active can now be calculated using equation 4: eq. 4: therefore, under the stated conditions for this worst case power dissipation example, the aat3686 will enter the thermal loop and lower the fast charge constant current when the ambient operating temperature rises above 35.86c. capacitor selection input capacitor in general, it is good design practice to place a decoupling capacitor between the v adp and v usb pins and ground. an input capacitor in the range of 1f to 22f is recommended. if the source supply is unregulated, it may be necessary to increase the capacitance to keep the input voltage above the under-voltage lockout threshold during device enable and when battery charging is initiated. if the aat3686 adapter input is to be used in a sys- tem with an external power supply source, such as a typical ac-to-dc wall adapter, then a c in capaci- tor in the range of 10f should be used. a larger input capacitor in this application will minimize switching or power bounce effects when the power supply is "hot plugged." likewise, a 10f or greater input capacitor is recommended for the usb input to help buffer the effects of usb source power switching, noise, and input cable impedance. output capacitor the aat3686 only requires a 1f ceramic capaci- tor on the bat pin to maintain circuit stability. this value should be increased to 10f or more if the battery connection is made any distance from the charger output. if the aat3686 is to be used in applications where the battery can be removed from the charger, such as in the case of desktop charging cradles, an output capacitor greater than 10f may be required to prevent the device from cycling on and off when no battery is present. printed circuit board layout considerations for the best results, it is recommended to physical- ly place the battery pack as close to the aat3686 bat pin as possible. to minimize voltage drops on the pcb, keep the high current carrying traces ade- quately wide. for maximum power dissipation of the aat3686 tdfn packages, the metal substrate should be solder bonded to the board. it is also rec- ommended to maximize the substrate contact to the pcb ground plane layer to further increase local heat dissipation. refer to the aat3686 evaluation board for a good layout example. t a = 110 c - (37 c/w 2.00375w) = 35.86 c = 35.86 c p d = (5.0v - 3.0v)(1a) + (5.0v 0.75ma) = 2.00375w
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 21 aat3686 evaluation board schematic diagram figure 5: aat3686 evaluation figure 6: aat3686 evaluation figure 7: aat3686 evaluation board component side layout. board solder side layout. board assembly layout. figure 8: aat3686 evaluation board schematic diagram. gnd usb 1 bat 2 adp 3 chr 5 en 6 adpp# 7 ts 8 412 data 9 stat2 10 stat1 11 ct usbsel 13 usbl 14 usbh 15 adpset 16 aat3686 u1 d2 d1 red led red led green led d3 42.2k r5 8.06k r3 1.5k r7 1.5k r8 1.5k r10 open open open r6 10k r1 1.5k r9 r11 r12 8.06k r4 10 f c1 10 f c2 10 f c3 0.1 f c5 open (optional) c6 1 2 3 usbsel j2 sw1 lo hi bav74lt1 d4 (b) bav74lt1 d4 (a) bat adp usb dat a ct ts 1 2 3 on/off j1
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 22 3686.2006.10.1.9 aat3686 evaluation board bill of materials (bom) quantity description desig. footprint manufacturer part # 2 test pin ts, ct mill-max 6821-0-0001-00-00-08-0 2 conn term block usb, gnd/ tblok2 phoenix contact 277-1274-nd 2.54mm 2pos adp, gnd 1 conn term block bat, ts, tblok3 phoenix contact 277-1273-nd 2.54mm 3pos gnd 1 usb 2.0 receptacle, usb usb-mini-b hirose electronic co., h2959ct-nd 5pos ltd. 3 capacitor, ceramic, c1, 2, 3 0805 murata 490-1717-1-nd 10f 6.3v 10% x5r 0805 1 capacitor, ceramic, c5 0603 murata 478-1244-2-nd 0.1f 25v 10% x5r 0603 2 typical red led d1, d3 1206led chicago miniature lamp cmd15-21src/tr8 1 typical green led d2 1206led chicago miniature lamp cmd15-21src/tr8 1 switching diode d4 a, b sot23-3 on semi bav74lt1 2 header, 3-pin j1, 2 header 2mm-3 sullins 6821-0-0001-00-00-08-0 1 res 10k 1/16w r1 0603 panasonic/ecg p10kjtr-nd 5% 0603 smd 1 res 8.06k 1/16w r3, 4 0603 panasonic/ecg p9.76khct-nd 1% 0603 smd 1 res 42.2k 1/16w r5 0603 panasonic/ecg p42.2khtr-nd 1% 0603 smd 4 res 1.5k 1/16w r7, 8, 0603 panasonic/ecg p1.5kcgct-nd 5% 0603 smd 9, 10 1 switch tact 6mm sw1 switch itt industries/c&k div ckn9012-nd spst h = 5.0mm 1 aat3686 usb port/ac u1 tdfn34-16; analogictech aat3686irn-4.2 adapter lithium-ion/ tdfn44-16 aat3686ixn-4.2 polymer battery charger
aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 3686.2006.10.1.9 23 ordering information package information tdfn34-16 all dimensions in millimeters. package marking 1 part number (tape and reel) 2 tdfn34-16 phxyy aat3686irn-4.2-t1 tdfn44-16 phxyy aat3686ixn-4.2-t1 tdfn44-16 skxyy aat3686ixn-4.2-1-t1 1. xyy = assembly and date code. 2. sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in bold . 3.00 all analogictech products are offered in pb-free packaging. the term ?pb-free? means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current rohs standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. for more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree.
tdfn44-16 all dimensions in millimeters. aat3686 usb port/ac adapter lithium-ion/polymer battery charger 24 3686.2006.10.1.9 advanced analogic technologies, inc. 830 e. arques avenue, sunnyvale, ca 94085 phone (408) 737-4600 fax (408) 737-4611 ? advanced analogic technologies, inc. analogictech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an analogictech pr oduct. no circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. analogictech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifi cations or to discontinue any product or service without notice. customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information b eing relied on is current and complete. all products are sold sub- ject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. analogictech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with anal ogictech?s standard warranty. testing and other quality con- trol techniques are utilized to the extent analogictech deems necessary to support this warranty. specific testing of all param eters of each device is not necessarily performed. analogictech and the analogictech logo are trademarks of advanced analogic technologies incorporated. all other brand and produ ct names appearing in this document are regis- tered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. index area (d/2 x e/2) detail "a" detail "b" top view bottom view detail "a" side view option a: c0.30 (4x) max chamfered corner option b: r0.30 (4x) max round corner detail "b" 0.16 pin 1 indicator (optional) 0.1 ref 4.00 + 0.375


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