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Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
RoHS Compliant
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
Specification for Mini AFD III 25M February 11, 2009 Revision 1.1
Apacer Technology Inc. 9/F, No. 100, Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Hsichih, Taipei Hsien 221, Taiwan Tel: +886-2-2696-1666 Fax: +886-2-2696-1668 www.apacer.com
1 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Features:
Standard ATA/IDE bus interface - ATA command set compatible - ATA operating mode supports up to: PIO Mode-4 Multiword DMA Mode-2 Ultra DMA Mode-4 Connector type - 44-pin male Low power consumption (typical) - Supply voltage: 5V - Active mode: 138mA - Sleep mode: 2000A Performance - Sustained read: Up to 35 MB/sec - Sustained write: Up to 25 MB/sec Capacity - 256, 512 MB - 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 GB - NAND flash type: SLC Temperature ranges - Operation: Standard: 0 to 70 C C 1 ET : -40 to 85 C C - Storage: -40 to 100 C C Flash management - Intelligent endurance design Advanced wear-leveling algorithms S.M.A.R.T. technology Built-in hardware ECC Enhanced data integrity - Intelligent power failure recovery - Enhanced security level Secure protection zone Quick erase RoHS compliant
1. Extended Temperature
2 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Table of Contents
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 4
1.1 PERFORMANCE-OPTIMIZED CONTROLLER ............................................................................................................4 1.1.1 Power Management Unit (PMU)..................................................................................................................4 1.1.2 SRAM Buffer .................................................................................................................................................4
2. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK .......................................................................................................... 5 3. PIN ASSIGNMENTS ............................................................................................................... 6 4. CAPACITY SPECIFICATION............................................................................................... 7
4.1 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION.............................................................................................................................7 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................7
5. FLASH MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 8
5.1 INTELLIGENT ENDURANCE DESIGN.......................................................................................................................8 5.1.1 Power Advanced wear-leveling algorithms ..................................................................................................8 5.1.2 S.M.A.R.T. Technology .................................................................................................................................8 5.1.3 Built-in Hardware ECC ................................................................................................................................8 5.1.4 Enhanced Data Integrity...............................................................................................................................8 5.2 INTELLIGENT POWER FAILURE RECOVERY...........................................................................................................9 5.3 ENHANCED SECURITY LEVEL ...............................................................................................................................9 5.3.1 Secure Protection Zone.................................................................................................................................9 5.3.2 Quick Erase ..................................................................................................................................................9
6. SOFTWARE INTERFACE .................................................................................................. 10
6.1 COMMAND SET...................................................................................................................................................10
7. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................... 12 8. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 13 9. PRODUCT ORDERING INFORMATION ........................................................................ 15
9.1 PRODUCT CODE DESIGNATIONS .........................................................................................................................15 9.2 VALID COMBINATIONS .......................................................................................................................................16
3 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
1. General Description
Apacer's ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) is a high-performance, solid state drive (SSD) designed to replace a conventional IDE hard disk drive. AFD supports standard ATA/IDE protocol and can be plugged into a ZIF connector commonly found in portable PCs. It is more rugged, reliable and power-efficient compared to the mechanical hard drive and is designed for use in rugged laptops, military devices, thin clients, Point of Sale (POS) terminals, telecom, medical instruments, surveillance systems and industrials PCs. Apacer AFD Series is the best drop-in replacement for high-maintenance HDD where reliability is a major concern. AFD includes a built-in microcontroller and file management firmware that communicates through with the ATA standard interfaces and is set to the Master operation in default. This means the AFD does not require any additional or proprietary host software such as the Flash File System (FFS) and Memory Technology Driver (MTD) software. AFD is designed to work at 3.3 Volts, support the standard ATA/IDE protocol up to PIO Mode-4, Multiword DMA Mode-2, and Ultra DMA Mode-4 interfaces and uses a standard ATA driver that fits to all major operating systems such as Microsoft's Windows series, MAC OS, and UNIX variants. Featuring technologies as Advanced Wear-leveling algorithms, S.M.A.R.T, Built-In Hardware ECC, Enhanced Data Integrity, Intelligent Power Failure Recovery, Secure Protection Zone and Quick Erase, Apacer's AFD assures users of a versatile device on data storage.
1.1 Performance-Optimized Controller
The heart of an ATA-Flash Drive is the ATA controller, which translates standard ATA signals into the Flash Media data and controls of the flash media. This proprietary ATA controller is specifically designed to attain high data throughput from the host to the flash.
1.1.1 Power Management Unit (PMU)
The power management unit (PMU) controls the power consumption of the ATA-Flash Drive. It reduces the power consumption of the ATA-Flash Drive Controller by putting circuitry not in operation into sleep mode. The PMU has zero wake-up latency.
1.1.2 SRAM Buffer
The ATA Flash Drive Controller performs as an SRAM buffer to optimize the host's data transfer to and from the flash media.
4 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
2. Functional Block
The ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) includes the ATA controller and flash media, as well as the ATA standard interface. Figure 2-1 shows the functional block diagram.
Flash Array Flash Media
HOST ATA/IDE Bus
ATA Controller
Flash Media Flash Media Flash Media
. . .
Figure 2-1: ATA-Flash Drive functional block diagram
5 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
3. Pin Assignments
Table 3-1 lists the pin assignments with respective signal names for the 44-pin configuration. A "#" suffix indicates the active low signal. The pin type can be input, output or input/output. Figure 3-1: ATA-Flash Drive 44-pin Connector
Pin 1
Pin 43
Table 3-1: Pin assignments for the 44-pin configuration Pin No. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 Signal Name RESET# D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 GND DMARQ IOWR# IORD# HDMARDY# HSTROBE# IORDY DDMARDY# DSTROBE DMACK# INTRQ A1 A0 CS1FX# DASP# VDD GND Pin Type I I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O O I I I/O Type I2U I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 Ground O1 I2Z I2Z Pin No. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Signal Name GND D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 NC GND GND GND Pin Type I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O Type Ground I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 I1Z, O2 Ground Ground Ground
27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43
O
O1
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
CSEL GND IOCS16# PDIAG# A2 CS3FX# GND VDD NC
I O I/O I I -
I1U O2 I1U, O1 I1Z I2Z Ground Power -
I O I I I I/O -
I2UO1 I1Z I1Z I2Z I1U, O6 Power Ground
6 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
4. Capacity Specification
Capacity specification of the ATA-Flash Drive (AFD) product family is available as shown in Table 4-1. It lists the specific capacity and the default numbers of heads, sectors and cylinders for each product line. Table 4-1: AFD capacity specifications
Capacity 256 MB 512 MB 1GB 2GB 4GB 8GB 16 GB Total bytes 256,901,120 512,483,328 1,024,966,656 2,048,385,024 4,096,253,952 8,001,552,384 16,001,040,384 Cylinders 980 993 1986 3969 7937 15504 16383
1
Heads 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Sectors 32 63 63 63 63 63 63
Max LBA 501,760 1,000,944 2,001,888 4,000,752 8,000,496 15,628,032 31,252,032
1. Cylinders, heads or sectors are not applicable for these capacities. Only LBA addressing applies.
4.1 Performance Specification
Performance of the ATA-Flash Disk is listed in Table 4-2. Table 4-2: Performance specifications
Capacity 256 MB / 512 MB Performance Sustained read (MB/s) Sustained write (MB/s) 30 13 35 20 35 25 22 15 1GB / 2GB 4 GB / 8 GB 16 GB
4.2 Environmental Specifications
Environmental specification of the ATA-Flash Drive which follows the MIL-STD-810F standards is available as shown in Table 4-3. Table 4-3: ATA-Flash Drive environmental specifications
Environment Temperature Humidity Vibration (Non-Operation) Shock (Non-Operation)
1. Extended Temperature
Operation Storage
0 to 70 -40 to 85 (ET C C; C C -40 to 100 C C
Specification 1 )
5% to 95% RH (Non-condensing) Sine wave: 10~2000Hz, 15G (X, Y, Z axes) Half sine wave, Peak acceleration 50 G, 11 ms (X, Y, Z ; All 6 axes)
7 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
5. Flash Management
5.1 Intelligent Endurance Design
5.1.1 Advanced wear-leveling algorithms
The NAND flash devices are limited by a certain number of write cycles. When using a file system, frequent file table updates is mandatory. If some area on the flash wears out faster than others, it would significantly reduce the lifetime of the whole device, even if the erase counts of others are far from the write cycle limit. Thus, if the write cycles can be distributed evenly across the media, the lifetime of the media can be prolonged significantly. The scheme is achieved both via buffer management and Apacerspecific advanced wear leveling to ensure that the lifetime of the flash media can be increased, and the disk access performance is optimized as well.
5.1.2 S.M.A.R.T. technology
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, an open standard allowing disk drives to automatically monitor their own health and report potential problems. It protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance and calibration parameters. Ideally, this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent impending drive failure. Apacer SMART feature adopts the standard SMART command B0h to read data from the drive. When the Apacer SMART Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the device is in critical condition.
5.1.3 Built-in hardware ECC
The ATA-Flash Drive uses BCH Error Detection Code (EDC) and Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms which correct up to eight random single-bit errors for each 512-byte block of data. High performance is fulfilled through hardware-based error detection and correction.
5.1.4 Enhanced data integrity
The properties of NAND flash memory make it ideal for applications that require high integrity while operating in challenging environments. The integrity of data to NAND flash memory is generally maintained through ECC algorithms and bad block management. Flash controllers can support up to 8 bits ECC capability for accuracy of data transactions, and bad block management is a preventive mechanism from loss of data by retiring unusable media blocks and relocating the data to the other blocks, along with the integration of advanced wear leveling algorithms, so that the lifespan of device can be expanded.
8 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ 5.2 Intelligent Power Failure Recovery
The Low Power Detection on the controller initiates cached data saving before the power supply to the device is too low. This feature prevents the device from crash and ensures data integrity during an unexpected blackout. Once power was failure before cached data writing back into flash, data in the cache will lost. The next time the power is on, the controller will check these fragmented data segment, and, if necessary, replace them with old data kept in flash until programmed successfully.
5.3 Enhanced Security Level
5.3.1 Secure protection zone
Partitioning with static commands to logically secure data, protection zones are the solid frameworks of file vaults. 3 different types of zones, unprotected, read-only, and restricted, are offered for effortless administration. When the product is shipped out of Apacer, all sectors are in the unprotected zone, which means there is no control on any data transaction. For further management control, the read-only zone can be set to be accessed exclusively for grantees, and the restricted zone, to be as the maximum security stockade with full administration privilege required. A maximum of 4 zones can be configured as either restricted or read-only zone presenting concurrently. The space outside these 4 zones is automatically in the unprotected zone if available. After the zone has been configured, the protection zone can be de-activated or re-activated by either software methods or hardware components. Protection zone configuration is non-volatile and it will be in effect until the next set of configuration overwrites it.
5.3.2 Quick erase
Accomplished by the Secure Erase (SE) command, which added to the open ANSI standards that control disk drives, "Quick Erase" is built into the disk drive itself and thus far less susceptible to malicious software attacks than external software utilities. It is a positive easy-to-use data destroy command, amounting to electronic data shredding. Executing the command causes a drive to internally completely erase all possible user data. This command is carried out within disk drives, so no additional software is required. Once executed, neither data nor the erase counter on the device would be recoverable, which blurs the accuracy of device lifespan. The process to erase will not be stopped until finished while encountering power failure, and will be continued when power is back on.
9 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
6. Software Interface
6.1 Command Set
This section defines the software requirements and the format of the commands the host sends to the ATA-Flash Drive (AFD). Commands are issued to the AFD by loading the required registers in the command block with the supplied parameters, and then writing the command code to the Command register. The manner in which a command is accepted varies. Table 6-1: Command set (1 of 2)
Command Check-Power-Mode Execute-Drive-Diagnostic Erase Sector(s) Flush-Cache Format Track Identify-Drive Idle Idle-Immediate Initialize-Drive-Parameters NOP Read-Buffer Read-DMA Read-Multiple Read-Sector(s) Read-Verify-Sector(s) Recalibrate Request-Sense Security-Disable-Password Security-Erase-Prepare Security-Erase-Unit Security-Freeze-Lock Security-Set-Password Security-Unlock Seek Set-Features Code E5H or 98H 90H C0H E7H 50H ECH E3H or 97H E1H or 95H 91H 00H E4H C8H or C9H C4H 20H or 21H 40H or 41H 1XH 03H F6H F3H F4H F5H F1H F2H 7XH EFH FR1 Y
7
SC2 Y Y
7
SN3 Y Y Y Y Y Y -
CY4 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y -
DH5 D
8
LBA6 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y -
D Y D Y
8
Y Y Y Y Y Y -
D D D Y D D Y Y Y Y D D D D D D D D Y D
10 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Table 6-1: Command set (2 of 2)
Command SMART Set-Multiple-Mode Set-Sleep-Mode Standby Standby-lmmediate Translate-Sector Write-Buffer Write-DMA Write-Multiple Write-Multiple-Without-Erase Write-Sector(s) Write-Sector-Without-Erase Write-Verify Code B0H C6H E6H or 99H E2H or 96H E0H or 94H 87H E8H CAH or CBH C5H CDH 30H or 31H 38H 3CH FR1 Y SC2 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SN3 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y CY4 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y DH5 D D D D D Y D Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y LBA6
1. FR - Features register 2. SC - Sector Count register 3. SN - Sector Number register 4. CY - Cylinder registers 5. DH - Drive/Head register 6. LBA - Logical Block Address mode supported (see command descriptions for use) 7. Y - The register contains a valid parameter for this command. 8. For the Drive/Head register: Y means both the ATA-Flash Drive and Head parameters are used D means only the ATA-Flash Drive parameter is valid and not the Head parameter
11 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
7. Electrical Specification
Caution: Absolute Maximum Stress Ratings - Applied conditions greater than those listed under "Absolute Maximum Stress Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these conditions or conditions greater than those defined in the operational sections of this data sheet is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum stress rating conditions may affect device reliability. Table 7-1: ATA-Flash Drive operating voltage
Range Standard Extended Temperature Ambient Temperature 0 to 70 C C -40 to 85 C C 5V 4.5-5.5V
Table 7-2: Absolute maximum power pin stress ratings
Parameter Input Power Voltage on any pin except VDD with respect to GND Symbol VDD V Conditions -0.3V min. to 6.5V max. -0.5V min. to VDD + 0.5V max.
Table 7-3: Recommended system power-up timing
Symbol 1 TPU-READY 1 TPU-WRITE Parameter Power-up to Ready Operation Power-up to Write Operation Typical 200 200 Maximum 1000 1000 Units ms ms
1. This parameter is measured only for initial qualification and after a design or process change that could affect this parameter.
12 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
8. Physical Characteristics
Pin 1
Unit: mm Tolerance: 0.2
13 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Unit: mm Tolerance: 0.2
14 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
9. Product Ordering Information
9.1 Product Code Designations A P - FD25 A 20 E xxxxx R - XXX J
Model: J: value added Flash Type:
Blank: Dual Channel S: Single Channel ET: Extended Temperature
RoHS Compliant
Capacity:
00256: 256MB 00512: 512MB 0001G: 1GB 0002G: 2GB 0004G: 4GB 0008G: 8GB 0016G: 16GB
Product Type
Outline
180D Degree
Controller version
2.5 inch ATA Flash Drive
Apacer Product Code
15 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ 9.2 Valid Combinations
Capacity 256 MB 512 MB 1 GB 2 GB 4 GB 8 GB 16 GB Standard AP-FD25A20E00256R-J AP-FD25A20E00512R-J AP-FD25A20E0001GR-J AP-FD25A20E0002GR-J AP-FD25A20E0004GR-J AP-FD25A20E0008GR-J AP-FD25A20E0016GR-SJ Extended Temperature AP-FD25A20E00256R-ETJ AP-FD25A20E00512R-ETJ AP-FD25A20E0001GR-ETJ AP-FD25A20E0002GR-ETJ AP-FD25A20E0004GR-ETJ AP-FD25A20E0008GR-ETJ AP-FD25A20E0016GR-ETSJ
16 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Revision History
Revision 1.0 1.1 Date 01/20/2009 02/11/2009 Description Official release Modified document layout Remark
17 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1
Value Added ATA Flash Drive
AP-FD25A20ExxxxxR-XXXJ
Global Presence
Taiwan (Headquarters)
Apacer Technology Inc. 9F, 100, Sec. 1, Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Hsichih, 221 Taipei Hsien Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: +886-2-2696-1666 Fax: +886-2-2696-1668 amtsales@apacer.com Apacer Memory America, Inc. 386 Fairview Way, Suite102, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tel: 1-408-586-1291 Fax: 1-408-935-9611 sa@apacerus.com Apacer Technology Corp. 5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan Tel: 81-3-5419-2668 Fax: 81-3-5419-0018 jpservices@apacer.com Apacer Technology B.V. Europalaan 89 5232 BC 'S-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands Tel: 31-73-645-9620 Fax: 31-73-645-9629 sales@apacer.nl Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 1301, No.251,Xiaomuqiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, China Tel: 86-21-5529-0222 Fax: 86-21-5206-6939 sales@apacer.com.cn Apacer Technologies Pvt. Ltd. #143, 1st Floor, Raheja Arcade, 5th Block Kormangala Industrial Layout, Bangalore - 560095, India Tel: 91-80-4152-9061 sales_india@apacer.com
U.S.A.
Japan
Europe
China
India
18 (c) 2009 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.1

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