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Application Note AN-3002
Low Current Input Circuit Ideas 6N138/139 Series
Introduction
Advancements in opto-coupling and LED technology have given us the 6N139. This unique optocoupler, having an input LED current specification at 500 microamperes, has opened some interesting design doors. Besides the obvious and much written about ability to be directly driven by CMOS circuits, the 6N139 can be considered for signal detection, transient detection, matrices and non-loading line receiving. Following are but a few circuit ideas to stimulate the designer's interest. The LED is provided with a 50 microampere forward current to charge the LED capacity to the VF level. In this way, the LED is not causing conduction in its output circuitry but is prepared to conduct very quickly. Any noise or oscillation on the "D.C. power source" is coupled through "C" which develops a signal across the LED. Even small unwanted signals can cause a large change in the LED forward current. Once the LED's forward current equals or exceeds 500 microamperes, the output circuitry will conduct indicating the presence of the unwanted signal.
Signal Detection
The detection of noise, spikes or oscillations can easily and directly be detected by the input of the 6N139 as shown in the circuit of Figure 1.
C + R D.C. POWER SOURCE LED X 6N139
Transient Detection
The detection of the presence or absence of waveforms can easily be detected by the circuit in Figure 2.
RS CR 6N139 RL
INPUT
C
LED
X
Figure 2. Pulse or Waveform Detection Circuit Figure 1. 6N139 Input Circuit For Signal Detection
For the detection of the presence of a desired signal, pulse or waveform use:
CR=Silicon diode ( Positive Vpk. of input ) - 2.5 volts R L = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 milliampere Pulse interval of 1/f C min = ---------------------------------------------RL Pulse width or 1/4f R S max = --------------------------------------------5C X=Non-Latching output circuitry to follow LED=Input diode of 6N139 f=frequency
For the detection of undesirable signals on a D.C. power source use:
Power supply voltage - 1.5 volts R = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------50 microamperes C=To inject 500 microamperes into LED X=Latching or non-latching output circuitry to follow LED=Input diode of 6N139
Examples: A desired pulse train to be present is shown in Figure 3.
REV. 4.00 4/30/02
AN-3002
APPLICATION NOTE
The resulting LED forward current that will keep the output circuitry conducting is shown as the result of proper design.
+ INPUT (Volts) t=0 LED (mA) OUTPUT (Volts) 1.0 0.5 0 5.0
Non-Loading Line Receiver
For virtual non-loading, the 6N139 is compatible with the differential amplifier circuit of Figure 6.
+V +V
6N139
or here 10K LED VREF IN
X VREF AS EXAMPLE 1mA
0.4
Figure 3. Pulse Train Waveforms
A desired sine wave to be present is shown in Figure 4. The resulting LED forward current that will keep the output circuitry conducting is shown as the result of proper design.
INPUT (Volts) + 0 t=0
RE
0.5 mA
Figure 6. Differential Amplifier Drive
For a virtual no-load optoisolator circuit use: X=Non-latching output circuitry to follow LED=Input diode of 6N139 Current requirement at "in" will be less than 20 micro Amperes.
1.0 LED (mA) 0.5 0 5.0 OUTPUT (Volts) 0.4
Example:
Figure 4. Sine Wave Waveforms
Matrices Opto-Coupling
With the low input LED current advantage of the 6N139, the ability to drive matrices with but one TTL output is now possible as shown in Figure 5.
5V 5.5K RESISTORS ALL ARE INPUT DIODES OF 6N139
If "VREF" is made to be +1.4 Volts and the RE is 1.2 K, the circuit will respond nicely to TTL "0" and "1" levels. That is, a "0" at "In" will cause LED current resulting in the conduction of the output circuitry. Conversely, a "1" at "In" will result in no LED current. Notice that depending upon which collector the LED is in series with it will give the option of LED current flowing with a "0" or a "1" at "In".
6N139 Output Circuitries
The following are two examples of 6N139 output circuitry. One latching (Figure 7); the other non-latching (Figure 8), but both capable of driving a TTL gate directly. Referring to Figure 7 and assuming that the "RESET" has been actuated by a momentary ground and no input signal is being received, all transistors shown are non-conducting (Output high, "1"). The arrival of an input signal will cause all transistors to turn on. (Output low, "0"). The PNP transistor, being turned on by the output transistor, will in turn latch that same output transistor or until the "RESET" is again initiated. In Figure 8, where no signal is being received, the input transistor is not conducting. The output transistor is very slightly conducting. The 4.7M resistor causing this slight conduction will not bring the "Output" to a "0" level. The purpose of this slight conduction is to reduce the turn-on delay time. When a signal is received, both input
REV. 4.00 4/30/02
SCAN
1 of 16 ACTIVE LOW
16 X 16 MATRIX
CONTROL
Figure 5. Opto-Coupling out of Matrices
2
APPLICATION NOTE
AN-3002
and output transistors are turned on causing the "Output" to a logic "0" state. The 4.7 M resistor will now tend to reduce the output transistor's turn-off time.
If you have not looked over the 6N139 specification sheet, you may not be totally aware of the current capabilities of Fairchild Semiconductor optocouplers.
(5V) +V 6N139 4.7K
4.7K 4.7K 4.7K OUTPUT TO TTL
4.7K *Normally OPEN momentary push-button or TTL output with open collector GROUND FOR RESET*
Figure 7. Latching Output Circuit for 6N139
(5V) +V 6N139 4.7K
4.7M
OUTPUT TO TTL
Figure 8. NON-Latching Output Circuit for 6N139
REV. 4.00 4/30/02
3
AN-3002
APPLICATION NOTE
DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
www.fairchildsemi.com 4/30/02 0.0m 001 Stock#AN300000xx 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

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