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| TK5561A-PP Read/Write Crypto Transponder for Short Cycle Time Description The TK5561A-PP is a complete transponder integrating all important functions for immobilizer and identification systems. It consists of a plastic cube which accommodates the crypto IDIC(R) *) e5561A and the antenna realized as tuned LC-circuit. The TK5561A-PP is a R/W crypto transponder for applications which demand higher security levels than those which standard R/W transponders can fulfil. For this reason, the TK5561A-PP has an additional encryption algorithm block which enables a base station to authenticate the transponder. Any attempt to fake the base station with a wrong transponder will be recognized immediately. For authentication, the base station transmits a challenge to the TK5561A-PP. This challenge is encrypted by both IC and base station. Both should possess the same secret key. Only then the result be expected to be equal. For detailed technical information about functions, configurations etc., please refer to the e5561 data sheet. Features D 65 ms cycle time for crypto algorithm programmable D Encryption time < 10 ms, < 30 ms optional D Identification transponder in plastic cube D Contactless read/write data transmission D High-security crypto algorithm optional D Inductive coupled power supply at 125 kHz D Basic component R/W e5561 IDIC D Built-in coil and capacitor for circuit antenna D Starts with cyclical data read out D Self-adapting resonance frequency (optionally) D 128-bit user-programmable EEPROM D Typical < 50 ms to write and verify a block D Read/write protection by lock bits D Options set by EEPROM Bitrate [bit/s]: Rf/32; Rf/64 Modulaton: Manchester; Biphase Application D Car immobilizers with higher security level D High-security identification systems Transponder TK5561A-PP RF field (e5561A + coil + C in plastic cube) C Power ID Challenge Response Coil e5561A Base station U2270B read/write IC MARC4 series mC Figure 1. Transponder and base station *) IDIC(R) stands for IDentification Integrated Circuit and is a trademark of TEMIC Semiconductors. 1 (8) Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 TK5561A-PP MODULATOR CRYPTO CIRCUIT Coil1 ANALOG FRONT END WRITE DECODER MODE REGISTER ADAPT crypto control OP-code detect BITRATE GENERATOR (320 bit EEPROM) crypto key Coil2 EEPROM control read/write control 64 or 128 bit ID code TESTLOGIC INPUT REGISTER POR VDD VSS Testpads Figure 2. Block diagram General The transponder is the mobile part of the closed coupled identification system (see figure 1), whereas the read/ write base station is basing on the U2270B or on discrete solutions, and the read/write transponder is basing on the e5561A IDIC(R). The transponder is a plastic-cube device consisting of following parts: D The transponder antenna, realized as tuned LC-circuit D Read/write IDIC(R) (e5561A) with EEPROM circuit for power supply and bidirectional data communication (Read/Write) to a base station. The on-chip non-volatile memory of the 320-bit EEPROM (10 blocks 32 bits each) can be read and written blockwise by a read/write base station, e.g. basing on the U2270B. Up to four blocks consists of the ID code user programmable, the crypto key and configurations are stored in six blocks. The crypto key and the ID code can be individually protected against overwriting. The typical operational frequency of the TK5561A-PP is 125 kHz. Two data bit rates are programmable: Rf/32 and Rf/64. During the reading operation the incoming RF field is damped bit-wise by an on-chip load. This AM-modulation is detected by the field generating base station unit. Data transmission starts after power-up with the transmission of the ID code and continues as long as the TK5561A-PP is powered. Writing is carried out by means of TEMIC Semiconductors writing method (patented). To transmit data to the TK5561A-PP the read/ write base station has to interrupt the RF field for a short time to create a field gap. The information is encoded in the number of clock cycles between two subsequent gaps. See e5561A data sheet for detailed information of IDIC(R). The Transponder Antenna The antenna consists of a coil and a capacitor for tuning the circuit to the nominal carrier frequency of 125 kHz. The coil has a ferrite core for improving the distance of read, write and programming operations. Read-Write Crypto Identification The e5561A is a member of the TEMIC contactless IDentification IC (IDIC)(R) family, which are used in applications where information has to be transmitted without contacts. The IDIC(R) is connected to a tuned LC 2 (8) Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 HV GENERATOR CONTROLLER Memory TK5561A-PP Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameters Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Maximum assembly temperature, t < 5 min. Magnetic field strength at 125 kHz Symbol Tamb Tstg Tass Hpp Value -40 to +85 -40 to +125 170 1000 Unit C C C A/m Operating Characteristics Transponder Tamb = 25C, f = 125 kHz if not otherwise noted Parameters Inductance LC circuit, HPP = 20 A/m Resonance frequency Quality factor Magnetic field strength (H) Parameters Max. field strength where transponder does not modulate Minimum field strength Read mode Test Conditions / Pins No influence to other transponders in the field Symbol Hpp not Min. Typ. 5 Max. Unit A/m Test Conditions / Pins Symbol L fr QLC Min. Typ. 4.2 125 8 Max. Unit mH kHz Tamb = -40 to +85C 121 5 129 11 Programming mode Tamb = -40C Tamb = 25C Tamb = 85C Tamb = -40C Tamb = 25C Tamb = 85C Lowest adapt frequency Highest adapt frequency Data retention EEPROM Programming cycles EEPROM Programming time / block Maximum field strength T = 25C Hpp -40 Hpp 25 Hpp 85 Hppp -40 Hppp 25 Hppp 85 fLA fHA tretention 118 125 10 100,000 121 128 24 18 15 30 35 40 124.5 131.5 A/m A/m A/m A/m A/m A/m kHz kHz Years RF = 125 kHz tp Hpp max 16 600 ms A/m Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 3 (8) TK5561A-PP 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 Hpp (A/m) 100 120 DV (V) V1 V2 m + V1 * V2 V1 ) V2 Figure 4. Measurement of the degree of modulation Figure 3. Typical curve for degree of modulation Measurement Assembly All parameters are measured in a Helmholtz-arrangement which generates a homogenous magnetic field (see figure 5 and 6). A function generator drives the field generating coils, so the magnetic field can be varied in frequency and field strength. SENSING COILS ( IN PHASE ) SUBTRACTOR AMPLIFIER 1:10 REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE ) REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE ) OUTPUT VOLTAGE TK5561A-PP FIELD GENERATING COILS ( IN PHASE ) FUNCTION GENERATOR Figure 5. Testing application 4 (8) Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 TK5561A-PP l = 30 mm Transponder 22 mm d = 60 mm REFERENCE COIL SENSING COIL SENSING COIL REFERENCE COIL 5 mm FIELD GENERATING COIL FIELD GENERATING COIL 16524 Figure 6. Testing geometry Writing Data into the TK5561A-PP A write sequence of the TK5561A-PP is shown below. Writing data into the transponder occurs by interrupting the RF field with short gaps. After the start gap the write op-code (10) is transmitted. The next 32 bits contain the Standard op-code 1 Start gap Read mode Write mode Figure 7. Write protocol to program the EEPROM 12444 actual data. The last 4 bits denote the destination block address. If the correct number of bits have been received, the actual data is programmed into the specified memory block. 32 bit Address bits (e.g. block 2) 0 1 0 0 > 64 clocks RF field 0 Write Data Decoding The time elapsing between two detected gaps is used to encode the information. As soon as a gap is detected, a counter starts counting the number of field clock cycles until the next gap will be detected. Depending on how many field clocks elapse, the data is regarded as '0' or '1'. The required number of field clocks is shown in figure 8. A valid '0' is assumed if the number of counted clock periods is between 16 and 32, for a valid '1' it is 48 or 64 respectively. Any other value being detected results in an error and the device exits write mode and returns to read mode. Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 5 (8) TK5561A-PP Field clock cycles Write data decoder 1 fail 16 0 32 fail 48 1 64 writing done EOT Figure 8. Write data decoding scheme 12445 Behavior of the Real Device The TK5561A-PP detects a gap if the voltage across the coils decreases below a peak-to-peak value of about 800 mV. Until then, the clock pulses are counted. The number given for a valid '0' or '1' (see figure 8), refer to the actual clock pulses counted by the device. However, there are always more clock pulses being counted than where applied by the base station. The reason for this is the fact, that a RF field cannot be switched off immediately. The coil voltage decreases exponentially. So although the RF field coming from the base station is switched off, it takes some time until the voltage across the coils reaches the threshold peak-to-peak value of about 800 mV and the device detects the gap. Referring to the following diagram (figure 9) this means that the device uses the times t0 internal and t1 internal. The exact times for t0 and t1 are dependent on the application (e.g., field strength, etc.) Typical time frames are: t0 = 60 to 140 ms t1 = 300 to 400 ms tgap = 150 to 400 ms Antennas with a high Q-factor require longer times for tgap and shorter time values for t0 and t1. Coil voltage t1 1 tgap t0 0 1 Coil voltage t1 1 tgap t0 0 t0 internal 1 t1 internal Gap detect Ideal behavior RF level reduces to zero immediately Gap detect Real behavior 12446 RF level decreases exponentially Figure 9. Ideal and real behavior signals Operating Distance The maximum distance between the base-station and the TK5561A-PP depends mainly on the base-station, the coil geometries and the chosen modulation options. Typical distances are 0 to 3 cm. A general maximum distance value can not be given. A convenient way is to measure the TK5561A-PP within its environment. Rules for a correct base-station design can provided on request (see Antenna Design Guide). Ordering Information TK5561A-PP Version of e5561A IDIC(R) 6 (8) Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 TK5561A-PP Application 5V 5V VBatt 47 nF 22 mF 680 pF Input 4.7 kW 1N4148 470 kW C31 Power Data COIL2 1.5 nF 1.2 nF 1.35 mH R Read/write circuit COIL1 DGND GND VSS 100 nF Microcontroller DVS VEXT VS U2270B RF MS CFE OE Standby Output Gain BP00 BP01 BP02 BP03 BP10 110 kW VDD M44C260 osc IN 32 kHz osc OUT e5561A Transponder TK5561A-PP fres + 1 + 125 kHz 2p LC 14104 Figure 10. Complete transponder system with the read/write IC U2270B Mechanical Specification Dimensions in mm Figure 11. Mechanical drawing of transponder Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 7 (8) TK5561A-PP Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet: http://www.temic-semi.com TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423 8 (8) Rev.A1, 02-Dec-99 |
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