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TB6548F
TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic
TB6548F
3-Phase Full-Wave PWM Sensorless Controller for Brushless DC Motors
TB6548F is a 3-phase full-wave sensorless controller for brushless DC motors. It is capable of controlling voltage by PWM signal input. It is capable of PWM type sensorless driving when used conjunction with TA84005F
Features
* * * * * * * 3-phase full-wave sensorless drive PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources.) Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA Built-in protection against overcurrent Forward/reverse modes Built-in lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 degrees) Built-in lap turn-on function Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
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Block Diagram
VDD 13 FG_OUT 6
14 OUT_UP PWM 3 PWM Control 17 OUT_VP SEL_LAP 8 Rotation Instruction Circuit Timing Control Turn-on Signal Forming Circuit 21 OUT_WP 15 OUT_UN 19 OUT_VN 22 OUT_WN LA0 1 LA1 2 Lead Angle Setting Circuit
CW_CCW 4
Overcurrent Protection Circuit
23 OC
Clock Generator Circuit
Position Detection Circuit 12 GND
24 WAVE
10 XT
11 XTin
Pin Assignment
LA0 LA1 PWM CW_CCW NC FG_OUT NC SEL_LAP NC XT XTin GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
WAVE OC OUT_WN OUT_WP NC OUT_VN NC OUT_VP NC OUT_UN OUT_UP VDD
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Pin Description
Pin No. Symbol I/O Lead angle setting signal input pin 1 LA0 I * * * 2 LA1 I * * * 3 PWM I * * LA0 = Low, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 0 degree LA0 = High, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 7.5 degree LA0 = Low, LA1 = High: Lead angle 15 degree LA0 = High, LA1 = High: Lead angle 30 degree Built-in pull-down resistor Description
PWM signal input pin Inputs Low-active PWM signal Built-in pull-up resistor Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal High for 250 ns or longer is required.
Rotation direction signal input pin 4 CW_CCW I * * * 5 6 7 NC FG_OUT NC O High: Reverse (U W V) Low, Open: Forward (U V W) Built-in pull-down resistor
Not connected Number of ratation detection signal output pin * Equiralent to U-phase signal (except PWM)
Not connected Lap turn-on select pin
8
SEL_LAP
I
* * *
Low: Lap turn-on High: 120 degrees turn-on Built-in pull-up resistor
9 10 11 12 13
NC XT XTin GND VDD

Not connected Resonator connecting pin * Selects starting commutation frequency. 17 Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 )
Connected to GND. Connected to 5-V power supply. U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
14
OUT_UP
O
* * * *
U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 15 OUT_UN O U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
16
NC
Not connected V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
17
OUT_VP
O
* *
V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
18
NC
Not connected V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
19
OUT_VN
O
* *
V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
20
NC
Not connected
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Pin No. Symbol I/O Description W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin 21 OUT_WP O * * * * * * * * W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 22 OUT_WN O W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
Overcurrent signal input pin 23 OC I High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal which is performing PWM control. Built-in pull-up resistor
Positional signal input pin 24 WAVE I Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage. Built-in pull-up resistor
Functional Description
1. Sensorless Drive
On receipt of PWM signal start instruction turn-in signal for forcible commutation (commutation irrespective of the motor's rotor position) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The motor's rotation causes induced voltage on winding wire pin for each phase. When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase are input on respective positional signal input pin, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is automatically switched to turn-on signal for positional signal (induced voltage). Thereafter turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to drive the brushless DC motor.
2. Starting commutation frequency (resonator pin and counter bit select pin)
The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator's frequency and the number of counter bit (within the IC). + Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 (bit 3)) bit = 14 The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using inertia of the motor and load. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases.
3. PWM Control
PWM signal can be reflected in turn-on signal by supplying PWM signal from external sources. The frequency of the PWM signal shoud be set adequately high with regard to the electrical frequency of the motor and in accordance to the switching characteristics of the drive circuit. Because positional detection is performed in synchronization with the falling edges of PWM signal, positional detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty.
Duty (max) 250 ns Duty (min)
250 ns
The voltage applied to the motor is duty 100% because of the storage time of the drive circuit even if the duty is 99%.
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4. PWM Control
Upper turn-on signal (OUT-P)
Lower turn-on signal (OUT-N)
Output voltage of TA84005F
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5. Positional Variation
Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with PWM signal, positional variation occurs in connection with the frequency of PWM signal. Be especially careful when the IC is used for high-speed motors.
PWM signal
Output voltage of TA84005F
Reference voltage Pin voltage
Positional signal
Ideal detection timing
Actual detection timing
Variation is calculated by detecting at two consecutive rising edges of PWM signal. 1/fp < Detection time variation < 2/fp fp: PWM frequency
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6. Lead Angle Control
The lead angle is 0 degree during the starting forcible commutation and when normal commutation is started, automatically changes to the lead angle which has been set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 degrees in the starting forcible commutation as well as in normal commutation.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
U
V
W
30 degrees PWM control
PWM control 22.5 degrees PWM control PWM control PWM control 15 degrees
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
7. Lap Turn-on Control
When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on degree is 120 degrees. When SEL_LAP = Low, Lap Turn-on Mode starts. In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120 degrees turn-on timing becomes longer (shaded area in the below chart) so as to create some overlap when switching turn on signals. The lap time differs depending ong the lead angle setting.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
U
V
W
PWM control
PWM control
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
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8. Start/Stop Control
Start/Stop is controlled using PWM signal input pin. A stop is acknowledged when PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when ON-signal of a frequency 4 times higher than the resonator frequency or even higher is input continuously.
Timing chart
PWM signal Detection timing
Start 512 periods at the resonator frequency PWM signal Detection timing
First detection
Second detection
Start
Stop 512 periods at the resonator frequency
First detection
Second detection and stop
Note: Take sufficient care for noise on PWM signal input pin.
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Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage Turn-on signal output current Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature Symbol VDD Vin IOUT PD Topr Tstg Rating 5.5 -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 20 590 -30 to 85 -55 to 150 Unit V V mA mW C C
Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = -30 to 85C)
Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage PWM frequency Oscillation frequency Symbol VDD Vin fPWM fosc Test Condition Min 4.5 -0.3 1.0 Typ. 5.0 16 Max 5.5 VDD + 0.3 10 Unit V V kHz MHz
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Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VDD = 5 V)
Characteristics Static power supply current Dynamic power supply current Symbol IDD IDD (opr) IIN-1 (H) Input current IIN-1 (L) IIN-2 (H) IIN-2 (L) VIN (H) Input voltage VIN (L) Test Circuit Test Condition PWM = H, XTin = H PWM = 50% Duty, XTin = 4 MHz VIN = 5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1 VIN = 0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 IOH = -1 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOL = 20 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = -20 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOL = 1 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOH = -0.5 mA FG_OUT IOL = 0.5 mA FG_OUT VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 0 V IL (H) OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN FG_OUT VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 5.5 V IL (L) OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN FG_OUT Output delay time tpLH tpHL PWM-Output 0.5 0.5 1 1 s 0 10 0 10 GND 4.0 GND 4.0 GND GND Min -75 -1 3.5 Typ. 0.1 1 0 -50 50 0 Max 0.3 3 1 75 5 V 1.5 A Unit mA mA
Input hysteresis voltage
VH
0.6
V
VO-1 (H)
4.3
VDD
VO-1 (L)
0.5
VO-2 (H) Output voltage VO-2 (L)
VDD V
0.5
VO-3 (H)
VDD
VO-3 (L)
0.5
Output leak current
A
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Application Circuit Example
VDD = 5 V VM = 20 V
VDD Positional detection signal WAVE PWM signal PWM OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP FG signal FG_OUT OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN IN_VN IN_WP RF IN_WN VISD1 OC GND Over current detection signal ISD GND VISD2 0.01 F 1 IN_UP IN_UN IN_VP OUT_U OUT_V OUT_W COMP
M
<TB6548F>

Note 1: Take enough care in designing output VDD line and GND line to avoid short circuit between outputs, VDD fault or GND fault which may cause the IC to break down. Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are just an example for reference. Since the values may vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiments before using the device.
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
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RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE
000707EBA
* TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property. In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the "Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices," or "TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability Handbook" etc.. * The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury ("Unintended Usage"). Unintended Usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc.. Unintended Usage of TOSHIBA products listed in this document shall be made at the customer's own risk. * The products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. * The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA CORPORATION for any infringements of intellectual property or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others. * The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
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