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| a FEATURES High Speed 400 MHz -3 dB Full Power Bandwidth 2000 V/ s Slew Rate Fixed Gain of 2 with No External Components Internal Common-Mode Feedback to Improve Gain and Phase Balance -60 dB @10 MHz Separate Input to Set the Common-Mode Output Voltage Low Distortion 68 dB SFDR @ 5 MHz 200 Load Low Power 7.5 mA @ 3 V Power Supply Range +2.7 V to 5 V APPLICATIONS Video Line Driver Digital Line Driver Low Power Differential ADC Driver Differential In/Out Level Shifting Single-Ended Input to Differential Output Driver -DIN Low-Cost, High-Speed Differential Driver AD8131 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 750 VOCM 2 750 7 NC 6 V- 1.5k +OUT 4 1.5k 5 -OUT 8 +DIN V+ 3 AD8131 NC = NO CONNECT -20 VOUT,dm = 2V p-p VOUT,cm/ VOUT, dm -30 BALANCE ERROR - dB -40 -50 VS = +5V -60 -70 VS = -80 5V 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Figure 1. Output Balance Error vs. Frequency The AD8131 is a differential or single-ended input to differential output driver requiring no external components for a fixed gain of 2. The AD8131 is a major advancement over op amps for driving signals over long lines or for driving differential input ADCs. The AD8131 has a unique internal feedback feature that provides output gain and phase matching that are balanced to -60 dB at 10 MHz, reducing radiated EMI and suppressing harmonics. Manufactured on ADI's next generation XFCB bipolar process, the AD8131 has a -3 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz and delivers a differential signal with very low harmonic distortion. The AD8131 is a differential driver for the transmission of high-speed signals over low-cost twisted pair or coax cables. The AD8131 can be used for either analog or digital video signals or for other high-speed data transmission. The AD8131 driver is capable of driving either Cat3 or Cat5 twisted pair or coax with minimal line attenuation. The AD8131 has considerable cost and performance improvements over discrete line driver solutions. The AD8131 can replace transformers in a variety of applications preserving low frequency and dc information. The AD8131 does not have the susceptibility to magnetic interference and hysteresis of transformers, while being smaller in size, easier to work with, and has the high reliability associated with ICs. The AD8131's differential output also helps balance the input for differential ADCs, optimizing the distortion performance of the ADCs. The common-mode level of the differential output is adjustable by a voltage on the VOCM pin, easily level-shifting the input signals for driving single supply ADCs with dual supply signals. Fast overload recovery preserves sampling accuracy. The AD8131 will be available in both SOIC and SOIC packages for operation over -40 C to +85 C. REV. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 (c) Analog Devices, Inc., 1999 (@ 25 C, VS = 5 V, VOCM = 0, G = 2, RL,dm = 200 , unless otherwise noted. Refer to Figures 2 and 37 for test setup and label descriptions. All specifications refer to single-ended input and differential outputs unless noted.) Parameter DIN to OUT Specifications VOUT = 2 V p-p VOUT = 0.2 V p-p VOUT = 0.2 V p-p VOUT = 2 V p-p, 10% to 90% 0.1%, VOUT = 2 V p-p VIN = 5 V to 0 V Step VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 800 20 MHz, RL,dm = 800 20 MHz, RL,dm = 800 f = 20 MHz NTSC, RL,dm = 150 NTSC, RL,dm = 150 VOS,dm = VOUT,dm; VDIN+ = VDIN- = VOCM = 0 V TMIN to T MAX Variation VOCM = Float TMIN to T MAX Variation Single-Ended Input Differential Input VOUT,dm/VIN,cm; VIN,cm = 0.5 V Maximum VOUT; Single-Ended Output VOUT,dm/VIN,dm; VIN,dm = 0.5 V VOUT,cm/VOUT,dm; VOUT,dm = 1 V 1.97 400 320 85 2000 14 5 -68 -63 -95 -79 -94 -70 -101 -77 -54 30 25 0.01 0.06 2 8 4 10 1.125 1.5 1 -7.0 to +5.0 -70 -3.6 to +3.6 60 2 -70 7 MHz MHz MHz V/s ns ns dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBm nV/Hz % Degrees mV V/C mV V/C k k pF V dB V mA V/V dB Conditions Min Typ Max Unit AD8131-SPECIFICATIONS DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE -3 dB Large Signal Bandwidth -3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness Slew Rate Settling Time Overdrive Recovery Time NOISE/HARMONIC PERFORMANCE Second Harmonic Third Harmonic IMD IP3 Voltage Noise (RTO) Differential Gain Error Differential Phase Error INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Offset Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance Input Common-Mode Voltage CMRR OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Swing Linear Output Current Gain Output Balance Error VOCM to OUT Specifications 2.03 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE -3 dB Bandwidth Slew Rate DC PERFORMANCE Input Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Offset Voltage Input Bias Current VOCM CMRR Gain POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current Power Supply Rejection Ratio OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE Specifications subject to change without notice. VOCM = 600 mV VOCM = -1 V to +1 V 210 500 3.6 120 1.5 2.5 0.5 -60 1 MHz V/s V k mV mV A dB V/V V mA A/C dB C VOS,cm = VOUT,cm; VDIN+ = V DIN- = VOCM = 0 V VOCM = Float [VOUT,dm/VOCM]; VOCM = 0.5 V VOUT,cm/VOCM; VOCM = 1 V 7 0.988 1.4 10.5 1.012 5.5 12.5 -56 +85 VDIN+ = VDIN- = VOCM = 0 V TMIN to T MAX Variation VOUT,dm/VS; VS = 1 V 11.5 25 -70 -40 -2- REV. 0 V = 200 , unless noted. Refer SPECIFICATIONS (@ 25 C, V = 5 V, refer=to2.5 V, G = 2, R input and differentialotherwiseunless noted.) to Figures 2 and 37 for test setup and label descriptions. All specifications single-ended outputs S OCM L,dm AD8131 Unit Parameter DIN to OUT Specifications Conditions Min Typ Max DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE -3 dB Large Signal Bandwidth -3 dB Small Signal Bandwidth Bandwidth for 0.1 dB Flatness Slew Rate Settling Time Overdrive Recovery Time NOISE/HARMONIC PERFORMANCE Second Harmonic VOUT = 2 V p-p VOUT = 0.2 V p-p VOUT = 0.2 V p-p VOUT = 2 V p-p, 10% to 90% 0.1%, VOUT = 2 V p-p VIN = 5 V to 0 V Step VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 200 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 5 MHz, RL,dm = 800 VOUT = 2 V p-p, 20 MHz, R L,dm = 800 20 MHz, RL,dm = 800 20 MHz, RL,dm = 800 f = 20 MHz NTSC, RL,dm = 150 NTSC, RL,dm = 150 VOS,dm = VOUT,dm; VDIN+ = VDIN- = VOCM = 2.5 V TMIN to T MAX Variation VOCM = Float TMIN to T MAX Variation Single-Ended Input Differential Input VOUT,dm/VIN,cm; VIN,cm = 0.5 V Maximum VOUT; Single-Ended Output VOUT,dm/VIN,dm; VIN,dm = 0.5 V VOUT,cm/VOUT,dm; VOUT,dm = 1 V 1.96 385 285 65 1600 18 5 -67 -56 -94 -77 -74 -67 -95 -74 -51 29 25 0.02 0.08 3 7 8 4 10 1.125 1.5 1 -1.0 to +4.0 -70 1.0 to 3.7 45 2 -62 MHz MHz MHz V/s ns ns dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBc dBm nV/Hz % Degrees mV V/C mV V/C k k pF V dB V mA V/V dB Third Harmonic IMD IP3 Voltage Noise (RTO) Differential Gain Error Differential Phase Error INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Offset Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance Input Common-Mode Voltage CMRR OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Swing Linear Output Current Gain Output Balance Error VOCM to OUT Specifications 2.04 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE -3 dB Bandwidth Slew Rate DC PERFORMANCE Input Voltage Range Input Resistance Input Offset Voltage Input Bias Current VOCM CMRR Gain POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current Power Supply Rejection Ratio OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE Specifications subject to change without notice. VOCM = 600 mV VOCM = 1.5 V to 3.5 V 200 450 1.0 to 3.7 30 5 10 0.5 -60 1 MHz V/s V k mV mV A dB V/V V mA A/C dB C VOS,cm = VOUT,cm; VDIN+ = VDIN- = VOCM = 2.5 V VOCM = Float [VOUT,dm/VOCM]; VOCM = 2.5 V 0.5 V VOUT,cm/VOCM; VOCM = 2.5 V 1 V 12 0.985 2.7 9.25 1.015 11 11.25 -56 +85 VDIN+ = VDIN = VOCM = 2.5 V TMIN to T MAX Variation VOUT,dm/VS; VS = 0.5 V 10.25 20 -70 -40 REV. 0 -3- AD8131 Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 V VOCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VS Internal Power Dissipation2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 mW Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -40C to +85C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . -65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300C NOTES 1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for any extended periods may affect device reliability. 2 Thermal resistance measured on SEMI standard 4-layer board. 8-Lead SOIC JA = 121C/W 8-Lead SOIC JA = 142C/W ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Pin No. Name 1 2 -DIN VOCM Function 3 4 5 6 7 8 Negative Input. Voltage applied to this pin sets the commonmode output voltage with a ratio of 1:1. For example, 1 V dc on VOCM will set the dc bias level on +OUT and -OUT to 1 V. V+ Positive Supply Voltage. +OUT Positive Output. Note: the voltage at -DIN is inverted at +OUT. -OUT Negative Output. Note: the voltage at +DIN is inverted at -OUT. V- Negative Supply Voltage. NC No Connect. +DIN Positive Input PIN CONFIGURATION -DIN VOCM 1 750 2 750 7 NC 6 V- 1.5k +OUT 4 1.5k 5 -OUT 8 +DIN V+ 3 AD8131 NC = NO CONNECT ORDERING GUIDE Model AD8131AR AD8131AR-REEL AD8131AR-REEL7 AD8131ARM AD8131ARM-REEL AD8131ARM-REEL7 AD8131-EVAL Temperature Range -40C to +85C Package Description 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC Evaluation Board Package Option SO-8 -40C to +85C RM-8 CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD8131 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE -4- REV. 0 AD8131 12 VOUT = 200mV p-p VS = 5V 9 1500 12 VOUT = 200mV p-p 9 SO GAIN - dB 49.9 750 24.9 AD8131 RL,dm = 200 3 SOIC 0 GAIN - dB 750 6 6 VS = 5V 3 VS = 5V 0 1500 -3 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 -3 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 Figure 2. Basic Test Circuit Figure 3. Small Signal Frequency Response Figure 4. Small Signal Frequency Response 12 VOUT = 2V p-p VS = 5V 9 SO 12 VOUT = 2V p-p 9 1500 2:1 TRANSFORMER 300 AD8131 750 1500 300 VS = GAIN - dB GAIN - dB 6 6 5V LPF 49.9 750 HPF ZIN = 50 3 SOIC 3 VS = 5V 24.9 0 0 -3 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 -3 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 Figure 5. Large Signal Frequency Response Figure 6. Large Signal Frequency Response Figure 7. Harmonic Distortion Test Circuit (RL,dm = 800 ) -50 RL,dm = 800 VOUT,dm = 1V p-p HD3 (VS = 3V) DISTORTION - dBc -40 -50 -60 RL,dm = 800 VOUT,dm = 2V p-p HD3 (VS = 5V) -55 -65 VS = 5V RL,dm = 800 HD3 (F = 20MHz) -60 DISTORTION - dBc DISTORTION - dBc -70 -80 HD3 (VS = 5V) HD2 (VS = 3V) -90 HD2 (VS = 5V) -100 -110 0 HD3 (VS = 5V) -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 0 -75 HD2 (F = 20MHz) -85 HD2 (VS = HD2 (VS = 5V) 5V) -95 -105 HD2 (F = 5MHz) -115 HD3 (F = 5MHz) 10 20 30 40 50 FREQUENCY - MHz 60 70 10 20 30 40 50 FREQUENCY - MHz 60 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V p-p Figure 8. Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency Figure 9. Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency Figure 10. Harmonic Distortion vs. Differential Output Voltage REV. 0 -5- AD8131 -50 -50 VS = 5V RL,dm = 800 HD3 (F = 20MHz) DISTORTION - dBc -60 -70 VS = 3V RL,dm = 800 HD3 (F = 20MHz) DISTORTION - dBc -50 HD3 (F = 5MHz) -60 -70 VS = 5V VOUT,dm = 2V p-p HD3 (F = 20MHz) HD2 (F = 20MHz) -60 DISTORTION - dBc -70 -80 HD2 (F = 20MHz) HD3 (F = 5MHz) -80 HD2 (F = 20MHz) -90 -100 -80 -90 -100 HD2 (F = 5MHz) -110 0 -90 -100 HD2 (F = 5MHz) HD2 (F = 5MHz) HD3 (F = 5MHz) -110 1.75 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.25 1.0 1.5 DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V p-p -110 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 RLOAD - 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE - V p-p Figure 11. Harmonic Distortion vs. Differential Output Voltage Figure 12. Harmonic Distortion vs. Differential Output Voltage Figure 13. Harmonic Distortion vs. RLOAD -50 VS = 5V VOUT,dm = 2V p-p HD2 (F = 20MHz) DISTORTION - dBc HD3 (F = 20MHz) -50 VS = 3V VOUT,dm = 1V p-p HD2 (F = 20MHz) 10 HD3 (F = 20MHz) 0 -10 -20 -60 DISTORTION - dBc -70 -60 -70 fC = 50MHz VS = 5V RL,dm = 800 -30 POUT - dBm HD2 (F = 5MHz) HD3 (F = 5MHz) -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -80 -80 -90 HD2 (F = 5MHz) -100 HD3 (F = 5MHz) -110 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 RLOAD - -90 -100 -110 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 RLOAD - -110 49.5 50 FREQUENCY - MHz 50.5 Figure 14. Harmonic Distortion vs. RLOAD Figure 15. Harmonic Distortion vs. RLOAD Figure 16. Intermodulation Distortion 45 RL,dm = 800 40 INTERCEPT - dBm VOUT,dm VOUT+ VS = 30 VOUT- 25 VS = 5V 20 15 0 10 30 20 40 50 60 FREQUENCY - MHz 70 80 V+DIN 5V VS = 5V VS = 5V 35 VS = 5V 1V 5ns 40mV 5ns Figure 17. Third Order Intercept vs. Frequency Figure 18. Large Signal Transient Response Figure 19. Small Signal Transient Response -6- REV. 0 AD8131 VS = 5V VOUT = 2V p-p VOUT = 1.5V p-p VS = 3V 2mV/DIV VOUT,dm VS = 5V VS = 5V V+DIN 400mV 5ns 300mV 5ns 1V/DIV 4ns Figure 20. Large Signal Transient Response Figure 21. Large Signal Transient Response Figure 22. 0.1% Settling Time 0 CL = 5pF CL = 0pF 1500 CL = 20pF -10 -20 PSRR - dB -30 -40 -50 -60 VOUT,dm VS 750 49.9 750 24.9 24.9 +PSRR (VS = 5V, +5V) AD8131 24.9 CL 150 VS = 5V -PSRR (VS = 5V) 1500 -70 400mV 1.25ns -80 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 Figure 23. Capacitor Load Drive Test Circuit Figure 24. Large Signal Transient Response for Various Capacitor Loads Figure 25. PSRR vs. Frequency -20 -30 1500 VS = 5V VIN,cm = 1V p-p 100 SINGLE-ENDED OUTPUT -40 VOUT,cm -50 -60 VOUT,cm/ VIN,cm VOUT,dm/ VIN,cm IMPEDANCE - 750 100 10 750 24.9 AD8131 VOUT,dm 100 CMRR - dB 1 VS = 5V VS = 5V 1500 -70 -80 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY - MHz 100 Figure 26. CMRR Test Circuit Figure 27. CMRR vs. Frequency Figure 28. Single-Ended ZOUT vs. Frequency REV. 0 -7- AD8131 -20 -30 BALANCE ERROR - dB 1500 DIFFERENTIAL OFFSET VOLTAGE - mV VOUT,dm = 2V p-p VOUT,cm/ VOUT,dm 4 3 VS = 2 5V -40 -50 -60 VS = 5V 750 49.9 750 24.9 100 AD8131 100 1 VS = 5V 1500 -70 VS = -80 1 5V 0 VS = +3V(VOCM = 0V) -1 -50 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 -30 -10 10 30 50 TEMPERATURE - C 70 90 Figure 29. Output Balance Error Test Circuit Figure 30. Output Balance Error vs. Frequency Figure 31. Output Offset Voltage vs. Temperature 15 110 VS = 5V 6 VOUT,cm VOCM 3 VS = 5V SUPPLY CURRENT - mA 13 VS = 5V NOISE - nV/ Hz 90 VOCM = 600mV p-p 70 GAIN - dB 11 0 9 VS = 5V 50 -3 VOCM = 2V p-p 7 VS = 3V 5 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 TEMPERATURE - C 70 90 30 -6 10 0.1k -9 1k 100k 10k 1M FREQUENCY - Hz 10M 100M 1 100 10 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 Figure 32. Quiescent Current vs. Temperature Figure 33. Voltage Noise vs. Frequency Figure 34. VOCM Gain Response -20 -30 -40 GAIN - dB -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 VS = 5V VOCM = -1V TO +1V VOCM = 2V p-p VOUT,dm VOCM VOCM = 600mV p-p VS = 5V VOUT,cm 400mV 1 10 100 FREQUENCY - MHz 1000 5ns Figure 35. VOCM CMRR vs. Frequency Figure 36. VOCM Transient Response -8- REV. 0 AD8131 OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION Definition of Terms RF RG +IN -OUT +DIN VOCM -DIN -OUT RL,dm VOUT,dm +OUT AD8131 RG -IN RF +OUT Figure 37. Circuit Definitions Differential voltage refers to the difference between two node voltages. For example, the output differential voltage (or equivalently output differential-mode voltage) is defined as: VOUT,dm = (V+OUT - V-OUT) V+OUT and V-OUT refer to the voltages at the +OUT and -OUT terminals with respect to a common reference. Common-mode voltage refers to the average of two node voltages. The output common-mode voltage is defined as: VOUT,cm = (V+OUT + V-OUT)/2 Balance is a measure of how well differential signals are matched in amplitude and exactly 180 degrees apart in phase. Balance is most easily determined by placing a well-matched resistor divider between the differential voltage nodes and comparing the magnitude of the signal at the divider's midpoint with the magnitude of the differential signal. By this definition, output balance is the magnitude of the output common-mode voltage divided by the magnitude of the output differential-mode voltage: Output Balance Error = THEORY OF OPERATION The AD8131 uses two feedback loops to separately control the differential and common-mode output voltages. The differential feedback, set by internal resistors, controls only the differential output voltage. The common-mode feedback controls only the common-mode output voltage. This architecture makes it easy to arbitrarily set the output common-mode level. It is forced, by internal common-mode feedback, to be equal to the voltage applied to the VOCM input, without affecting the differential output voltage. The AD8131 architecture results in outputs that are very highly balanced over a wide frequency range without requiring external components or adjustments. The common-mode feedback loop forces the signal component of the output common-mode voltage to be zeroed. The result is nearly perfectly balanced differential outputs, of identical amplitude and exactly 180 degrees apart in phase. Analyzing an Application Circuit The AD8131 uses high open-loop gain and negative feedback to force its differential and common-mode output voltages in such a way as to minimize the differential and common-mode error voltages. The differential error voltage is defined as the voltage between the differential inputs labeled +IN and -IN in Figure 37. For most purposes, this voltage can be assumed to be zero. Similarly, the difference between the actual output commonmode voltage and the voltage applied to VOCM can also be assumed to be zero. Starting from these two assumptions, any application circuit can be analyzed. Closed-Loop Gain The differential mode gain of the circuit in Figure 37 can be determined to be described by the following equation: VOUT ,dm VIN ,dm = RF RG =2 VOUT , cm VOUT , dm where RF = 1.5 k and R G = 750 nominally. Estimating the Output Noise Voltage The AD8131 differs from conventional op amps in that it has two outputs whose voltages move in opposite directions. Like an op amp, it relies on high open-loop gain and negative feedback to force these outputs to the desired voltages. The AD8131 behaves much like a standard voltage feedback op amp and makes it easy to perform single-ended-to-differential conversion, common-mode level-shifting, and amplification of differential signals. Previous differential drivers, both discrete and integrated designs, have been based on using two independent amplifiers, and two independent feedback loops, one to control each of the outputs. When these circuits are driven from a single-ended source, the resulting outputs are typically not well balanced. Achieving a balanced output has typically required exceptional matching of the amplifiers and feedback networks. DC common-mode level-shifting has also been difficult with previous differential drivers. Level-shifting has required the use of a third amplifier and feedback loop to control the output common-mode level. Sometimes the third amplifier has also been used to attempt to correct an inherently unbalanced circuit. Excellent performance over a wide frequency range has proven difficult with this approach. Similar to the case of a conventional op amp, the differential output errors (noise and offset voltages) can be estimated by multiplying the input referred terms, at +IN and -IN, by the circuit noise gain. The noise gain is defined as: R GN = 1 + F = 3 RG The total output referred noise for the AD8131, including the contributions of RF, RG, and op amp, is nominally 25 nV/Hz at 20 MHz. Calculating an Application Circuit's Input Impedance The effective input impedance of a circuit such as that in Figure 37, at +DIN and -DIN, will depend on whether the amplifier is being driven by a single-ended or differential signal source. For balanced differential input signals, the input impedance (RIN,dm) between the inputs (+DIN and -D IN) is simply: R IN,dm = 2 x RG = 1.5 k In the case of a single-ended input signal (for example if -DIN is grounded and the input signal is applied to +DIN), the input impedance becomes: REV. 0 -9- AD8131 RG = RF 1 - 2 x RG + RF = 1.125 k RIN ,dm ( ) In this case, the input signal is provided by a signal generator with an output impedance of 50 . This is terminated with a 49.9 resistor near +DIN of the AD8131. The effective parallel resistance of the source and termination is 25 . The 24.9 resistor from -DIN to ground matches the +DIN source impedance and minimizes any dc and gain errors. If +DIN is driven by a low-impedance source over a short distance, such as the output of an op amp, then no termination resistor is required at +DIN. In this case, the -D IN can be directly tied to ground. +3 V Supply Differential A-to-D Driver The circuit's input impedance is effectively higher than it would be for a conventional op amp connected as an inverter because a fraction of the differential output voltage appears at the inputs as a common-mode signal, partially bootstrapping the voltage across the input resistor RG. Input Common-Mode Voltage Range in Single Supply Applications The AD8131 is optimized for level-shifting "ground" referenced input signals. For a single-ended input this would imply, for example, that the voltage at -DIN in Figure 37 would be zero volts when the amplifier's negative power supply voltage (at V-) was also set to zero volts. Setting the Output Common-Mode Voltage Many newer A-to-D converters can run from a single +3 V supply, which can save significant system power. In order to increase the dynamic range at the analog input, they have differential inputs, which doubles the dynamic range with respect to a single-ended input. An added benefit of using a differential input is that the distortion can be improved. The low distortion and ability to run from a single +3 V supply make the AD8131 suited as an A-to-D driver for some 10-bit, single supply applications. Figure 39 shows a schematic for a circuit for an AD8131 driving an AD9203, a 10-bit, 40 MSPS A-to-D converter. The common mode of the AD8131 output is set at midsupply by the voltage divider connected to VOCM, and ac bypassed with a 0.1 F capacitor. This provides for maximum dynamic range between the supplies at the output of the AD8131. The 110 resistors at the AD8131 output, along with the shunt capacitors form a one pole, low-pass filter for lowering noise and antialiasing. Figure 40 shows an FFT plot that was taken from the combined devices at an analog input frequency of 2.5 MHz and a 40 MSPS sampling rate. The performance of the AD8131 compares very favorably with a center-tapped transformer drive, which has typically been the best way to drive this A-to-D converter. The AD8131 has the advantage of maintaining dc performance, which a transformer solution cannot provide. Unity-Gain, Single-Ended-to-Differential Driver The AD8131's V OCM pin is internally biased at a voltage approximately equal to the midsupply point (average value of the voltages on V+ and V-). Relying on this internal bias will result in an output common-mode voltage that is within about 25 mV of the expected value. In cases where more accurate control of the output commonmode level is required, it is recommended that an external source, or resistor divider (made up of 10 k resistors), be used. Driving a Capacitive Load A purely capacitive load can react with the pin and bondwire inductance of the AD8131 resulting in high frequency ringing in the pulse response. One way to minimize this effect is to place a small resistor in series with the amplifier's outputs as shown in Figure 23. APPLICATIONS Twisted-Pair Line Driver The AD8131 has on-chip resistors that provide for a gain-oftwo without any external parts. Several on-chip resistors are trimmed to ensure that the gain is accurate, the common-mode rejection is good, and the output is well balanced. This makes the AD8131 very suitable as a single-ended-to-differential twisted-pair line driver. Figure 38 shows a circuit of an AD8131 driving a twisted-pair line, like a Category 3 or Category 5 (Cat3 or Cat5), that are already installed in many buildings for telephony and data communications. The characteristic impedance of such transmission lines is usually about 100 . The outstanding balance of the AD8131 output will minimize the common-mode signal and therefore the amount of EMI generated by driving the twisted pair. The two resistors in series with each output terminate the line at the transmit end. Since the impedances of the outputs of the AD8131 are very low, they can be thought of as a short circuit, and the two terminating resistors form a 100 termination at the transmit end of the transmission line. The receive end is directly terminated by a 100 resistor across the line. This back-termination of the transmission line divides the output signal by two. The fixed gain of two of the AD8131 will create a net unity gain for the system from end to end. If it is not necessary to offset the output common-mode voltage (via the VOCM pin), then the AD8131 can make a simple unity-gain single-ended-to-differential amplifier that does not require any external components. Figure 41 shows the schematic for this circuit. Referring to Figure 2, when -DIN is left floating, there is 100 percent feedback of +OUT to -IN via the internal feedback resistor. This contrasts with the typical gain-of-two operation where -DIN is grounded and one third of the +OUT is fed back to -IN. The result is a closed-loop differential gain of one. Upon careful observation, it can be seen that only +DIN and VOCM are referenced to ground. It is the case that the ground voltage at VOCM is the reference for this circuit. In this unity gain configuration, if a dc voltage is applied to VOCM to shift the common-mode voltage, a differential dc voltage will be created at the output, along with the common-mode voltage change. Thus, this configuration cannot be used when it is desired to offset the common-mode voltage of the output with respect to the input at +DIN. -10- REV. 0 AD8131 10 0 +5V + 0.1 F 49.9 8 49.9 2 1 3 5 10 F POUT - dBm 100 RECEIVER + 0.1 F -5V 10 F 3V + 0.1 F 3 LPF 49.9 8 2 0.1 F 1 +3V 10k 24.9 110 20pF -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 49.9 -100 -110 -120 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 FREQUENCY - MHz AD8131 6 4 24.9 Figure 38. Single-Ended-to-Differential 100 Line Driver Figure 40. FFT Plot for AD8131/AD9203 3V 10 F +5V + 0.1 F 0.1 F INPUT 10 F 28 26 AVDD AINN 2 DRVDD 8 3 5 VOCM 6 4 +OUT + 0.1 F -5V 10 F -OUT AD8131 VOCM 25 6 110 20pF AD9203 DIGITAL OUTPUTS 49.9 2 1 AINP AVSS 27 DRVSS 1 10k Figure 39. Test Circuit for AD8131 Driving an AD9203, 10 Bit, 40 Msps A-to-D Converter Figure 41. Unity Gain, Single-Ended-to-Differential Amplifier REV. 0 -11- AD8131 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 8-Lead SOIC (SO-8) 0.1968 (5.00) 0.1890 (4.80) 8 5 4 0.1574 (4.00) 0.1497 (3.80) PIN 1 1 0.2440 (6.20) 0.2284 (5.80) 0.0500 (1.27) BSC 0.0098 (0.25) 0.0040 (0.10) SEATING PLANE 0.0688 (1.75) 0.0532 (1.35) 0.0192 (0.49) 0.0138 (0.35) 8 0.0098 (0.25) 0 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0196 (0.50) 0.0099 (0.25) 45 0.0500 (1.27) 0.0160 (0.41) 8-Lead SOIC (RM-8) 0.122 (3.10) 0.114 (2.90) 8 5 0.122 (3.10) 0.114 (2.90) 1 4 0.199 (5.05) 0.187 (4.75) PIN 1 0.0256 (0.65) BSC 0.120 (3.05) 0.112 (2.84) 0.006 (0.15) 0.002 (0.05) 0.018 (0.46) SEATING 0.008 (0.20) PLANE 0.043 (1.09) 0.037 (0.94) 0.011 (0.28) 0.003 (0.08) 0.120 (3.05) 0.112 (2.84) 33 27 0.028 (0.71) 0.016 (0.41) -12- REV. 0 PRINTED IN U.S.A. C3724-2.5-10/99 |
Price & Availability of AD8131
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